STEP: Strategies and Tools for Early Post-Earthquake Assessment

1. Projects selected under the Call for proposals 2006/C 176: 'Pilot Projects on Civil Protection cross border co-operation in the fight against natural disasters' STEP-Strategies and Tools for Early Post Earthquake Assessment Fabio Germagnoli EUCENTRE Pavia, Italy Lubjana, 25 September 2008

2. STEP has been selected under the Call for proposals 2006/C 176: 'Pilot Projects on civil protection cross border co-operation in the fight against natural disasters' • Explore the possibility to integrate conventional post-earthquake on field actions (inspection, visual assessment, etc.) with advanced assessment procedures • Create a prototype of evaluators network • Organize events to test the prototype and train assessors group on the use of the network • Improve assessment efficiency specially for applications in critical cases

3. STEP – Objectives of the project • 1. Review of the assessment techniques - Experimental methods for the evaluation of geometrical characteristics, mechanical properties and structural details (level of knowledge of the structure as defined in EC8 and other European code of practice) and numerical analysis for vulnerability assessment will be considered. • 2. Design and construction of a Mobile Unit prototype (MU) – The results of the previous review will orient the design and construction of a Mobile Unit (mobile experimental laboratory) properly equipped to perform experimental tests to improve structural level of knowledge and to perform some analytical estimates of the seismic vulnerability. • 3. Design of a Coordination Unit (CU) - A special unit with coordination function will be designed and developed to work with MU(s). Fast and reliable wireless connection (Satellite for example) will be implemented to guide MU(s) on field actions, to exchange useful information (shared and used later with other experts working in remote laboratories; • 4. Guidelines for optimized use of CU and MU – The most important use of coordinated Cu and MU(s) is related to emergency periods, but these resources could efficiently be used in pre earthquake phase to increase vulnerability knowledge particularly for those buildings with special function in Civil Protection ambit. Guidelines for coordinated employment both during post earthquake emergency and in pre-shake phase will be developed and provided; • 5. Harmonization of cross border actions– The advanced procedures developed in this project will be integrated into traditional Civil Protection approaches based on visual inspections and simplified evaluation with vulnerability checklists. Training courses and in field practical application involving several Civil Defence European Institutions will be prepared with the main scope of increase the new assessment tools knowledge and create common intervention procedures using both traditional and advanced assessment methods.

4. STEP – Beneficiary and Partners • Benficiary→ EUCENTRE (European Center for Training and Research on Earthquake Engineering) – Pavia, Italy • Partner 1 → LaboratorioNacional de Engenharia Civil – Lisbon, Portugal • Partner 2 → FIT Center - Fraunhofer, Germany • Partner 3 → DipartimentodiProtezioneCivile – Rome, Italy • Partner 4 → Civil Protection Department of Portugal – Lisbon, Portugal • Partner 5 → Dipartimento di Protezione Civile Friuli Venezia Giulia – Udine, Italy

5. Expected results Critical review of experimental techniques for damage detection and vulnerability assessment. Implementation of a software package for integration of experimental and analytical results and rapid seismic vulnerability assessment. Development of one Mobile Unit prototype to be used both for pre and post earthquake fast assessment Development of a Coordination Unit, techniques and protocol for use in emergency conditions Guidelines and proposal for European standardisation of emergency actions Training of Civil Protection teams for use of the system in this action Use of implemented tools both in pre and post emergency to increase the seimic risk knowledge

6. Status of the art

7. STEP – 1° year Deliverables

8. STEP – 2° year Deliverables

9. Amended GANNT

10. Amended GANNT

11. Data transmission between Evaluators on the field (EU), mobile unit equipped for testing and analysis (MU) and the coordination unit (CU) Coordination Unit (CU) Mobile Unit (MU)

12. Coordination unit developed at EUCENTRE • Video Conference Room • Strategic Room • Technical Room

13. Mobile Unit: developed on a small truck, implements mobile office, mobile laboratory for non destructive tests and advanced fast connections

14. Interior design: stowage compartment and mobile office Fiat Ducato Maxi xl, 3.0td

15. Purposes of the Mobile Unit • Transportation of tools and evaluators on site (Vehicle with stowage section and seats) • Operational support for non destructive and semi destructive (and destructive) experimental tests execution (more than 15 available tests) • Operational support for data acquisition, analysis of signals and F.E. structures (mobile office equipped with laptops, printers, software, etc.) • Mobile stations for data acquisition on the field (equipped tablet PCs) • Local networking wired and wireless (Bluetooth, Wifi) for data transmission and data acquisition capabilities • Web and remote CU connection, data sharing and telepresence (3G/2G/Wimax/Satellite) • Mobile phones (voice connection 3G/2G/Satellite) • Navigation system (GPS antenna and localization/navigation software) • Data acquisition system (based on National Instrument tech.) • Database management of acquired data (Numerical and Multimedia)

16. Available equipment for analysis and networking 3 lap tops (inside activities), 1 printer 3 tablet pc with GPS antennas (outside activities) 3 severs (management of database, CU connection and wireless connection with EU) Matlab, Mathcad, Labview, Sap2000, Strauss, OpenSees, SeismoStruct, 3muri, SAM Modem for satellite connection 3 pc card for 3G/2G connection (if available) 2 router wireless 2 wireless access point 2 Dump Batteries (100 Ampere) 2 UPS (1.5 kVA each) 1 hydraulic pump, 140 bar, 29 lit per minute (small mechanical exciter and jack for shear test) Flat jack test equipment Heating and air conditioning Connection with satellite TV (SKY) Stowage section

17. Connections management

18. Available equipment for experimental tests (Wired acquisition) Thermo graphic scanner Georadar Laser scanner High definition digital camera set (8 cameras, 4 MPixel, 150 fps, subpixeling) Pachometer Sclerometer Laser meter Micrometer Endoscopic device Sonic device Mechanical exciter Accelerometer: 20 Kistler (Capacitive), 10 (piezo) Inclinometer (10 Jewell) Flat jack test equipment (4 jacks for single and double test) Geophones (5 Lennartz, triaxial) Impulse hammer (impulsive excitation of low mass structures) Data acquisition system (16 bit, up to 200 channels, 500 ksample)

19. Wireless sensor networks, use BT technology (developed by EUCENTRE Remote Sensing (RS) department) A wireless sensor node is a device capable of measuring environmental parameters for wireless transmission: temperature acceleration humidity stress etc… 19

20. Lesson learnt regarding the following points: • Coordination • Command and Control • Standard operational procedures/international guidelines • Interoperability • Culture /language • Training/exercise • Political influences • Additional essential points

21. COORDINATION – European Mediterranean Seismic Hazard Map Italy Portugal Friuli Venezia Giulia Spain Germany Greece Slovenia Romania Serbia Albania Fyrom Turkey Cyprus.

22. COMMAND AND CONTROL - Assessment Team (EU) working on the Mobile Unit Composition: • Coordinator: • coordination of Evaluator Units (EU) on the field • Report to CU and to other labs connected • coordinated/integrated actions with Civil Protection, and Local Authorities (Major, Prefecture) • Communication manager • communication with CU and EU • Database management • Telepresence • Database mirroring • Data retrieving (internet, remote database, etc.) • N Evaluator Units • Number of units employed depending on experts available • Existing MU is designed for 3 EU (optimal number) • Exercise should be carried out with 3 EU of different Partners or EU Countries • EU composition • 1 engineer (expertise on r.c./masonry/steel/wooden structures) • 1 technical coworkers for in situ testing Can cooperate with Civil Protection evaluators or stand alone

23. INTERNATIONAL GUIDELINES Deliverable 5.1 - State of the practice on post-earthquake damage and safety assessment in European and worldwide seismically prone countries Many important differences are found on both methodologies and procedure used These differences arises from a different existing cultural, social and technical background in the different countries. In addition procedures and methodology are subjected to frequent since they are not yet really mature and each earthquake provides additional earthquake provides additional lesson learnt

24. STANDARD OPERATIONAL PROCEDURES Deliverable 5.2 – Common European methodology and procedure for post-earthquake safety and damage assessment on a large number of buildings and infrastructures

25. INTEROPERABILITY Technical point of view: NO problem both in terms of CU an MUProcedural point of view: explore the possibility to have one european mixed team and several trained country teams using the same methodologies

26. Culture /language In every country local authorities are in charge of the safety assessment, according to the fact that, during the response to disaster situations, the lowest ranking level of government is always in charge. In case of destructive earthquakes, when local resources are no more sufficient, a high level management is activated, up to the State level. International intervention is not common in safety and damage assessment, due to differences in building types, forms, language and concepts.

27. Training/Exercises Running 4 Days exercise (30 persons) – Bovec(SL) – Sept 24-27 2008 3 Day pre exercise (25 persons) – Ancona (I) – July 27-29 2008 5 Days course (85 persons - Jan) – Pavia (I) - Jun.16-20 2008 2 Days workshop (50 persons) – Rome (I) –Nov. 28-30 2007 Dissemination meeting (T.B.D.) Done Done Done

29. Pre-ExercisePre-Exercise using Mobile Unit and Central Unit in Ancona (Italy)July 13-16, 2008, Tools and procedures validation • Earthquake of MD=5.8 occurred on September 27-29, 1997 • R.C. and Masonry damage structures available for testing and inspections

30. Next events Exercise with Assessment System, European CP representatives, September 24-27, 2008, Bovec (Slovenia), 30÷50 participants • Close to Italian border • Earthquake of MD=5.6 occurred on April 12, 1998 • Several damaged structures are available for tests and inspections

31. POLITICAL INFLUENCES In Japan the aim of the damage assessment is to evaluate the long term use of the buildings. The result of the evaluation is a suggestion of the owner of the building concerning the repair, the retrofit or the demolition. In Italy the main purpose is to support the usability classification and, at the same time, to estimate the overall amount of direct economic loss, in order to establish the need for reconstruction. The decision on long term use of building is postponed to an engineering evaluation in the reconstruction process. In Greece damage survey is not performed, because financial contribution are established on the basis of the usability classification. In Turkey the damage classification is performed to assign financial contribution to each Building. (Deliverable 5.2)

32. ADDITIONAL ESSENTIAL POINTS • FLOW INFORMATION • For immediate application • Reduce the time needed for computerisation through the use of the digital • pens, optical readers, etc. • For the next future • A prototype of digital data transfer can be developed • Explore the possibility to upload/download data • Explore the different possibility in using geographical coordinates

33. ADDITIONAL ESSENTIAL POINTS • FLOW INFORMATION • For immediate application • Reduce the time needed for computerisation through the use of the digital • pens, optical readers, etc. • For the next future • A prototype of digital data transfer can be developed • Explore the possibility to upload/download data • Explore the different possibility in using geographical coordinates

34. ADDITIONAL ESSENTIAL POINTS • Activation • To be included in the EU CP mechanism • To propose a damage assessment module • To be self-suffifiency • Explore the possibility to have country teams and mixed teams