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Immunity: Part IV

Immunity: Part IV. Acquired Immunity. Remember: Types of Immunity. Innate Acquired Is the body ’ s second major kind of defense Involves the activity of lymphocytes. INNATE IMMUNITY Rapid responses to a broad range of microbes. ACQUIRED IMMUNITY Slower responses to specific microbes.

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Immunity: Part IV

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  1. Immunity: Part IV Acquired Immunity

  2. Remember: Types of Immunity • Innate • Acquired • Is the body’s second major kind of defense • Involves the activity of lymphocytes

  3. INNATE IMMUNITY Rapid responses to a broad range of microbes ACQUIRED IMMUNITY Slower responses to specific microbes External defenses Internal defenses Skin Phagocytic cells Humoral response (antibodies) Mucous membranes Antimicrobial proteins Secretions Inflammatory response Invading microbes (pathogens) Cell-mediated response (cytotoxic lymphocytes) Natural killer cells • A summary of innate and acquired immunity

  4. Notes Handout

  5. Types of Immunity

  6. Properties of Immunity • Specificity • Versatility • Memory • Tolerance

  7. Notes Handout

  8. Figure 14.16

  9. Notes Handout

  10. Figure 14.12

  11. T Cells & Cell-Mediated Immunity • T Cells must be activated by exposure to antigen • T Cells recognize antigens when they are bound to membrane receptors of other cells • Antigen membrane receptors are called • MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX PROTEINS • Class I MHC • Class II MHC

  12. T Cells & Cell-Mediated Immunity • MHC Proteins • Class I • Found on the surface of all nucleated cells • Peptides produced inside the cell are displayed on the surface by Class I MHC proteins. • Class II • Found on the surface of lymphocytes & phagocytes • Called ANTIGEN-PRESENTING CELLS (APCs)

  13. Types of T Cells • Cytotoxic T Cells • Helper T Cells • Memory T Cells • Suppressor T Cells

  14. Notes Handout

  15. Activation of Cytotoxic T Cells MHC Class I clip

  16. Helper T Cells • Activated by exposure to antigens presented by Class II MHC proteins • Activated helper T cells perform two functions: • Coordinate specific & nonspecific defenses • Stimulate both cell-mediated & antibody-mediated immunity • Activated helper T cells divide to produce: • More activated helper T cells • Memory T cells • helper T cells clip

  17. Memory T Cells • Produced upon initial exposure to antigen, but do not respond to the antigen at that time. • Provide a no-delay response to any FUTURE exposure to the same antigen • Immediate differentiation into cytotoxic T cells and helper T cells

  18. Suppressor T Cells • Activated suppressor T cells dampen the responses of other T cells and B cells • Secrete suppression factors • Act after the initial immune response

  19. Notes Handout

  20. Sensitization & Activation of B Cells

  21. Sensitization & Activation of B Cells

  22. Sensitization & Activation of B Cells

  23. Sensitization & Activation of B Cells

  24. Notes Handout

  25. Antibody Structure

  26. Antigen-antibody binding

  27. antibody clip

  28. Antibody (IgG) Function • Neutralization • Agglutination and precipitation • Activation of complement • Attraction of phagocytes • Enhancement of phagocytes • Stimulation of inflammation

  29. Notes Handout

  30. Summary of the Immune Response and Its Relationship to Nonspecific Defenses

  31. Notes Handout

  32. Integration of the Lymphatic System with Other Systems

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