Chapter 11 & 12 test Review

1. Chapter 11 & 12 testReview

2. DNA is copied during a process called • replication. • transcription. • translation. • transformation.

3. In eukaryotes, DNA • is located in the nucleus. • is located in the ribosomes. • floats freely in the cytoplasm. • is circular.

4. What happens during the process of translation? • Messenger RNA is made from DNA. • The cell uses information from messenger RNA to produce proteins. • Transfer RNA is made from messenger RNA. • Copies of DNA molecules are made.

5. RNA contains the sugar • ribose. • glucose. • deoxyribose. • lactose.

6. What is produced during transcription? • RNA molecules • RNA polymerase • DNA molecules • proteins

7. What does this show?

8. Which RNA molecule carries amino acids? • messenger RNA • ribosomal RNA • transfer RNA • RNA polymerase

9. What are Mendel’s factors called today? • Alleles • Genes • traits • characters

10. Genes contain instructions for assembling • purines. • proteins. • nucleosomes. • pyrimidines.

11. A mutation that involves a single nucleotide is called a(an) • chromosomal mutation. • point mutation. • inversion. • translocation.

12. The principle of dominance states that • all alleles are dominant. • all alleles are recessive. • some alleles are dominant and others are recessive. • alleles are neither dominant nor recessive.

13. Two plants with the genotypes TT and Tt • would have the same phenotype. • have all dominant alleles. • would have different phenotypes. • have all recessive alleles.

14. What principle states that during gamete formation genes for different traits separate without influencing each other’s inheritance? • principle of dominance • principle of independent assortment • principle of probabilities • principle of segregation

15. Organisms that have two identical alleles for a particular trait are said to be • hybrid. • Heterozygous. • homozygous. • dominant.

16. The Punnett square in Figure 11-5 shows that the gene for pea shape and the gene for pea color RrYy • assort independently. • are linked. • have the same alleles. • are always homozygous.

17. The number of chromosomes in a gamete is represented by the symbol • 2N. • N. • X. • Y.

18. Situations in which one allele for a gene is not completely dominant over another allele for that gene are called • multiple alleles. • codominant alleles. • incomplete dominance. • multiple genes.

19. Gametes are produced by the process of • mitosis. • crossing-over. • meiosis. • replication.

20. Unlike mitosis, meiosis results in the formation of • diploid cells. • 2N daughter cells. • haploid cells. • body cells.

21. What is shown in Figure? • independent assortment • crossing-over • anaphase I of meiosis • incomplete dominance

22. Traits that are produced by the interaction of several genes are said to be • polygenic. • haploid. • Codominant. • diploid.

23. Which type of RNA functions as a blueprint of the genetic code? • rRNA • mRNA • tRNA • RNA polymerase

24. Offspring that result from crosses between true-breeding parents with different traits • are true-breeding. • make up the parental generation. • make up the F2 generation. • are called hybrids.

25. Mendel’s principles of genetics apply to • plants only. • pea plants only. • animals only. • all organisms.

26. In the P generation, a tall plant was crossed with a short plant. Short plants reappeared in the F2 generation because • some of the F2 plants produced gametes that carried the allele for shortness. • the allele for shortness is dominant. • the allele for shortness and the allele for tallness segregated when the F1 plants produced gametes. • they inherited an allele for shortness from one parent and an allele for tallness from the other parent.

27. Punnett square shows all of the following EXCEPT • all possible results of a genetic cross. • the genotypes of the offspring. • the alleles in the gametes of each parent. • the actual results of a genetic cross.

28. If an organism’s diploid number is 12, its haploid number is • 12. • 24. • 6. • 3.

29. During transcription, an RNA molecule is formed • that is complementary to both strands of DNA. • that is complementary to neither strand of DNA. • that is double-stranded. • inside the nucleus.

30. Unlike mitosis, meiosis results in the formation of • two genetically identical diploid cells. • four genetically different haploid cells. • four genetically identical haploid cells. • two genetically different diploid cells.

31. Which of the following is a nucleotide found in DNA? • ribose + phosphate group + thymine • ribose + phosphate group + uracil • deoxyribose + phosphate group + uracil • deoxyribose + phosphate group + cytosine

32. During mitosis, the • DNA molecules unwind. • histones and DNA molecules separate. • DNA molecules become more tightly coiled. • nucleosomes become less tightly packed.

33. DNA replication results in two DNA molecules, • each with two new strands. • one with two new strands and the other with two original strands. • each with one new strand and one original strand. • each with two original strands.

34. Which type(s) of RNA is(are) involved in protein synthesis? • transfer RNA only • messenger RNA only • ribosomal RNA and transfer RNA only • messenger RNA, ribosomal RNA, and transfer RNA

35. Which of the following is NOT a gene mutation? • Inversion • Deletion • Insertion • substitution

36. Unlike DNA, RNA contains • adenine. • phosphate groups. • uracil. • thymine.

37. Good Luck and Study Hard!!!