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Grade 9 Health

Grade 9 Health . Sexuality. Sex is the only area of human life where some believe that ignorance is preferable to knowledge. Who am I?. Starting with an “S” and ending with a “Y” some people ignore me, but I can’t see why. Everyone should be comfortable with me, I think that’s sad

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Grade 9 Health

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  1. Grade 9 Health Sexuality

  2. Sex is the only area of human life where some believe that ignorance is preferable to knowledge

  3. Who am I? Starting with an “S” and ending with a “Y” some people ignore me, but I can’t see why. Everyone should be comfortable with me, I think that’s sad that they’re not, they confuse me with “evil” and “bad”. “XXX” and things that they don’t’ want to see; for the sake of your health you should know about me! Until everyone can see through this mistake I’m stuck with being a topic that’s certain to make All kinds of people stop talking, lie about me or shun me. I think that something has got to be done. Life can be dangerous if, with me, you’re not wise. So be educated! Know your choices and your risks (like STIs) If you don’t understand me, you’re proof of this stuff that, when it comes to me, people don’t talk enough. That’s all I can do, except leave it to you To find out what’s false and what’s true. You’ll see who I am, and do just fine If you read the first letter of every odd-numbered line!

  4. Note Sexuality is: an integral part of our entire being from the time of birth. It includes our physical, physiological, psychological, social, emotional, cultural, spiritual and ethical dimensions of sex and gender.

  5. Human Sexuality Family Peers Society Media Sexuality Environment School Faith Communities Cultural Communities

  6. Self Responsibility - Note Self Responsibility Making choices that will facilitate growth and learning. Taking responsibility for your own actions. Eg) Choosing to go to class even though my friends are skipping because I have a test this week. Eg) choosing not to have sex because of the possible consequence

  7. What Influences Teens to be Sexually Active Increased sex hormones Curiosity about sex Consider sex as a sign of being grown up A way of showing loyalty Rebelling against parents Need for intimacy Peer pressure Pressure from partner Media History of sexual abuse

  8. What influences teens to practice abstinence or delay having sex Family Personal values Moral, cultural, religious values Fear of being caught Fear of pregnancy or STIs Not feeling ready Too embarrassed High educational or career goals Knowledge about sexuality Well developed decision making skills

  9. Intimacy and Affection • There are many ways to express intimacy and love. Some involve physical intimacy and others involve emotional intimacy. • Couples can show their affection for one another without the risk of pregnancy or STIs. • What are some ways to show love and sexual feeling?

  10. Note • Affection = fondness • Intimacy = physical and/or emotional closeness • Love = deep affection, passion There is a range of sexual intimacy, not all involves intercourse. While we often think that intercourse is the ultimate goal of all sexual activity, there are other ways of showing intimacy while avoiding STIs and/or pregnancy.

  11. Dear Expert You are an expert in giving advice to others when making responsible decisions. Read the following questions and respond. Write your response as if answering in a newspaper advice column.

  12. Contraceptives should be used on all conceivable occasions.

  13. Contraception - Note Conception - is the moment of fertilization of an egg by the sperm. Contraception – a device that prevents conception.

  14. Front Image of Female Reproductive Organs

  15. http://www.medicinenet.com/conception_pictures_slideshow/article.htmhttp://www.medicinenet.com/conception_pictures_slideshow/article.htm How Conception and Pregnancy Occurs 1) Millions of sperms make the journey towards the fallopian tubes 2) Each month 1 egg is released from an ovary, if fertilization occurs it happens in the fallopian tube. 3) Only 1sperm will be allowed to penetrate the egg 6) The baby will grow until its ready to be born 9 mths later! 4) The fertilized egg will start to rapidly divide into cells as it makes it way towards the uterus 5) Implantation occurs in the wall of the uterus

  16. Note – cont’d Reasons for Use Not ready for children Don’t ever want children Don’t want to pass on health problems Want to limit family size STI protection (the condom) Reasons Not to Use Side Effects Religion Trying to have children

  17. Factors to Consider in Choosing Method of Contraception Safety What are the health risks or side effects Effectiveness Pregnancy prevention Reasons for ineffectiveness-defects in method or incorrect use Failure rate *Fact – sexually active women who use no birth control have a 90% failure rate (become pregnant) Ease of use – self-administered or by a doctor Acceptability – religious beliefs and personal feelings Reversibility Affordability/Availability

  18. Abstinence Description: Choosing not to have vaginal or anal intercourse or oral sex. This includes any genital to genital contact. There are different activities couples can participate in to express themselves intimately. These include kissing, hugging and petting. Side Effects: None Effectiveness: The only 100% effective method against unwanted pregnancies and STIs. Availability and Cost: Free!

  19. Male Condom Description: A latex sheath placed on an erect penis before penetration, preventing pregnancy by blocking sperm. Can only be used once. Some have a chemical spermicide to kill sperm. Side Effects: Some people are allergic to latex. You can purchase ones made of lambs skin but these do not protect against STIs. Effectiveness: 97% effective – besides abstinence most effective method contraceptive method of protecting against STIs. Availability and Cost: Inexpensive - $5-18 for 12

  20. Condom

  21. Female Condom Description: Closed end has a flexible ring is inserted into the vagina while the open end remains outside partially covering the labia. Made of latex. Side Effects: None noted. Made of polyurethane so those allergic to latex can use safely. Must be comfortable inserted inside vagina. Effectiveness: 95% against pregnancy and STIs Availability/Cost: One time use only. $10-15 for 3

  22. Female Condom

  23. Diaphragm Description: Dome shaped rubber disk that covers cervix so sperm can’t reach uterus. Spermicide is added to kill sperm before insertion. Can be left in up to 6 hours after intercourse. Side Effects: Toxic Shock Syndrome if left in over 6 hours. Reaction/mess of spermicide. Effectiveness:97% against pregnancy. No protection against STIs. Availability/Cost Only available by prescription. Must be fitted by doctor. $30-45

  24. Diaphragm

  25. Cervical Cap Description: Soft rubber cup that fits around the cervix. It is used with spermicide. Inserted prior to intercourse and can protect up to 48 hours. Should be removed 6 hours after sex. Effectiveness: Toxic Shock Syndrome if worn too long. Sensitivity to spermicide. Effectiveness: 97% against pregnancy when used with spermicide. Does not protect against STIs. Availability/Cost: Must have a prescription and fitted by a doctor. Must be comfortable with body as it is inserted inside vagina. $30-45

  26. Sponge Description: Disk-shaped polyurethane disk containing spermicide and inserted into vagina to cover cervix. Attached to loop for removal. Must be moistened with water prior to insertion to allow it to swell and better fit. Protects up to 24 hours. It should be left in place for at least 6 hours after sex. Side Effects: Low risk of TSS Messy to insert Effectiveness: 75-95% against pregnancy if used with spermicide. NO protection against STIs. Availability/Cost: $10-20 for 4

  27. Sponge

  28. Spermicides Description: Chemicals in the shape of foams, creams, jelly, film or tablets that kill sperm. Some must be inserted 10 min prior to intercourse, usually effective for 1 hour. Must remain in place for 6-8 hours after sex to ensure sperm are killed. Side Effects: Reactions to spermicides. Very messy Effectiveness: Used alone only 74% effective against pregnancy. Provide no STI protection. Availability/Cost $15-20 per package

  29. Spermicides

  30. Birth Control Pill Description: Stops ovulation (the release of the egg from the ovary) by regulating hormones. Side Effects: Safe for majority of women. Some possible side effects include: lighter periods, blood clots, certain cancers, high blood pressure, nausea, head ache, weight gain. Effectiveness: If it is taken at the same time every day 99% effective against pregnancy. Effectiveness can be decreased by taking other medications. The pill does not protect against STIs. Availablity/Cost:$12-35+ dispensing fee per month and must have a prescription.

  31. Birth Control Pill

  32. Norplant Description: Hormonal implants made up matchstick sized rubber rods inserted under the skin of the upper arm. It releases hormones to stop ovulation and works up to 5 years or until removed. Side Effects: Inflammation or infection at site of implant. Changes in period, weight gain, breast tenderness. Effectiveness:99% against pregnancy. No STI protection. Not prescribed to teens . $200-300.

  33. Norplant

  34. Emergency Contraceptive Pill Description: Stops fertilized egg from implanting in wall of uterus. Used when contraceptives have failed, or unprotected sex. Must be used within 24-48 hours after sex. Available to prescription only by clinic, hospital. Side Effects: Nausea and vomiting Effectiveness:75% against pregnancy. No STI protection. $10-20

  35. Morning after pill

  36. Depo-Provera Description: Hormonal injection into the arm once every 3 months. It stops ovulation. Side Effects: Irregular periods, weight gain, headaches, nausea, breast tenderness Effectiveness:99% against pregnancy but does not protect against STIs. Availability/Cost: Must have a prescription. Not prescribed to teens as side effects are irreversible for 3 months. $26-30 per shot.

  37. DepoProvera

  38. The Patch Description: Beige square the size of a tea bag worn 1 week and replaced on the same day for 3 consecutive weeks. On the 4th week it is removed. Releases hormones that stop ovulation. Side Effects: nausea, headaches, spotting Effectiveness: no STI protection, 99% effective Cost: $14 + dispensing fee

  39. The Patch

  40. Vaginal Ring Description: contains same hormones as the pill and blocks the release of an egg. Unlike the pill the hormones are delivered through the vaginal wall. Use your fingers to insert like a tampon, left for 3 weeks and removed for 1 week. Side Effects: vaginitis, headaches, sinusitis, nausea Effectiveness: no STI protection, 98% effective Cost: $18 + dispensing fee

  41. Vaginal Ring

  42. Intrauterine Device (IUD) Description: Device inserted into the uterus by a doctor. Can be left in uterus for 1-10 years. Sperm and egg are prevented from meeting in fallopian tubes. Side Effects: Pelvic Inflammatory Disease, ectopic pregnancy, heavy bleeding during period Effectiveness: 95-98% against pregnancy. No STI protection. Availability/Cost: Available through a doctor. Rarely prescribed to teens. $60-350.

  43. IUD

  44. Vasectomy Description: Operation that involves cutting or tying a man’s vas deferens (tube that carries sperm). Side Effects: Only takes 30 min, some minor post surgery complications such as bleeding or infection. Considered permanent. Effectiveness: 99.9% effective against pregnancy. No STI protection. Availability/Cost: Covered by health plan

  45. Vasectomy

  46. Tubal Ligation Description: Operation that blocks the fallopian tubes so the egg can’t travel to uterus. Permanent. Side Effects: Complications rare, but could include infection, bleeding, problems from anesthesia. Effectiveness: 99.9% against pregnancy. No STI protection. Availability/Cost: Covered by health plan. Not available to teens.

  47. Tubal Ligation

  48. Withdrawal Description: Male pulls out penis from vagina prior to ejaculation. Side Effects: Very high risk of pregnancy Effectiveness: Less than 60% Availability/Cost Not recommended

  49. Douching Description: Rinsing out vagina after intercourse with water, solution or spermicide. Side Effects: Affects natural bacteria balance of vagina. Can push sperm or STIs further up into uterus. Effectiveness: Less than 60% against pregnancy and no STI protection. Availability/Cost: Not recommended. Douche bags can be purchased at a pharmacy.

  50. Calendar Method Description: Predicts ovulation based on assumption ovulation takes place on day 14 of cycle. A calendar is used to chart cycle for a few months so a woman can predict when she is ovulating. The most fertile days are about day 6-20 of her 28 day cycle. Side Effects: Sperm can live up to 2-5 days in a woman’s body, so her cycle must be accurate and not irregular. Effectiveness: Less than 60%. Not recommended to teens as their cycles are very irregular.

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