1 / 28

Biomarkers in environmental and human health risk assessment (Galloway T.S., 2006)

M1 Oceanography UE 39, 2008. Biomarkers in environmental and human health risk assessment (Galloway T.S., 2006). Leila Rezazgui & Marta Tomaszkiewicz. 1. Risk assessment. 1.1. Definition. 1.1. Definition. Risk = Hazard x Exposure. Qualitative or quantitative

chaman
Télécharger la présentation

Biomarkers in environmental and human health risk assessment (Galloway T.S., 2006)

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. M1 Oceanography UE 39, 2008 Biomarkers in environmental and human health risk assessment(Galloway T.S., 2006) Leila Rezazgui & Marta Tomaszkiewicz

  2. 1. Risk assessment 1.1. Definition

  3. 1.1. Definition Risk = Hazard x Exposure Qualitative or quantitative At individual or population level spatial and temporal scales

  4. 1. Risk assessment 1.1. Definition 1.2. The aimof risk assessment

  5. 1.2. The aim risk assessment Prediction Early warning • Determine limits of exposure Human health “Ecosystem health!”

  6. 1. Risk assessment 1.1. Definition 1.2. The aim risk assessment 1.3. Procedure

  7. 1.3 Procedure Risk assessment /risk management RESEARCH RISK ASSESSMENT RISK MANAGEMENT Development of regulatory options Observations (laboratory, field) Hazard identification Extrapolation methods Evaluation of Public, health, economic, social, political consequences of regulatory options EDRA Risk-A Measures, Characteristics of populations Exposure assessment Agency decisions and actions EDRA: Exposure-Dose- Response Assessment Risk-A: Risk characterization NAS/NRC, 1983

  8. 1.2. The aim of the risk assessment 320 Toxic chemicals60 carcinogens In the USA 700 Organic chemicals 40 carcinogens NIEHSs’FYBudget,1998

  9. 1. Risk assessment 1.1. Definition 1.2. The aim risk assessment 1.3. Procedure 1.4. Integration of human and environment risk assessment

  10. 1.4. Integration of human and environment risk assessment Integration = ”combine the process of risk estimation for humans, biota and natural resources in one assessment” WHO, 2001

  11. 1.4. Integration of human and environment risk assessment Suter, et al. 2005

  12. 1.4. Integration of human and environment risk assessment The Two fundamental reasons for integration: • improve the quality of assessment through exchanging information between Human health and environment risk assessors. • provide more coherent inputs to the decision-making

  13. 1. Risk assessment 1.1. Definition 1.2. The aim risk assessment 1.3. Procedure 1.4. Integration of human and environment risk assessment 2. Biomarkers 2.1. Definition

  14. „any biological response to an environmental chemical at the individual level or below demonstrating a departure from normal status” „indicator of normal biological processes, pathogenic processes or pharmacological responses to a therapeutic intervention” 2.1. Definition BIOMARKER HUMAN HEALTH ‘’ENVIRONMENT HEALTH’’ Peakall,1994 B.D.W.G, 2001

  15. 1. Risk assessment 1.1. Definition 1.2. The aim of risk assessment 1.3. Procedure 1.4. Integrationof human and environment risk assessment 2. Biomarkers 2.1. Definition 2.2 Types and role of biomarkers

  16. 2.2 Types and role of biomarkers BIOMARKERS ALWAYS EXPRESSED at the sub-organismal level cellular, physiological or behavioural Moore, et al. 2004

  17. biologicallyeffective dose 2.2 Types and role of biomarkers CATEGORIES OF BIOMARKERS internal dose susceptibility early biological effects Hulka et al.,1990

  18. 1. Risk assessment 1.1. Definition 1.2. The aim of risk assessment 1.3. Procedure 1.4. Integrationof human and environment risk assessment 2. Biomarkers 2.1. Definition 2.2 Types and role of biomarkers 2.3 Examples

  19. 2.3 Examples Urinary PAH metabolites(biomarker of internal dose) • Urinary 1-hydroxypyrene - sensitive biomarker in humans from 1985 • biomarker in invertebrates? Ariese et al., 2005 the profile of PAH metabolites is species specific

  20. 2.3 Examples Biomarker of OP pesticides susceptibility complicated and changing pattern of susceptibility tolerance induction different source and composition of pollution in environment HUMANS INVERTEBRATES

  21. 1. Risk assessment 1.1. Definition 1.2. The aim of risk assessment 1.3. Procedure 1.4. Integrationof human and environment risk assessment 2. Biomarkers 2.1. Definition 2.2 Types and role in risk assessment 2.3 Examples 3. Conclusion

  22. 3. Conclusion Focusing on: a single media, a single source, and a single toxic endpoint (paramétres) Not enough Need integrated, holistic approach, with multichemical, multimedia, multiroute, and multispecies exposures

  23. 3. Conclusion Integration Appealing (séduisante) and really important But: • Protection of humans isn't inevitably a result of protection of nonhuman organisms and ecosystems • Nonhuman may be more exposed or more sensitive than humans .

  24. 3. Conclusion Radical selection of biomarkers Exchange with different disciplines Cooperation between the human and environmental risk assessments Owenet al, 2008

  25. 3. Conclusion complexity of ecosystems unique biology of the individual Honesty transparency and communication

  26. REFERENCES Aas E., Beyer J., Jonsson G., Reichert W.L., Andersen O.K., 2001, Evidence of uptake, biotransformation and DNA binding of polyaromatic hydrocarbons in Atlantic cod and corkwing wrasse caught in the vicinity of an aluminium works, Marine Environmental Research, 52: 213-229 Ariese F., Beyer J., Wells D, 2005, Two fish bile reference materials certified for PAH metabolites. Journal of environmental Monitoring, 7: 869 – 876 Eason C., O’Halloran K., 2002,, Biomarkers in toxicology versus ecological risk assessment, Toxicology 181-182: 517-521 Galloway T.S., Brown R.J., Browne M.A., Dissanayake A., Lowe D., Jones M.B., Depledge M.H., 2004, Ecosystem management bioindicators: the ECOMAN project – a multi-biomarker approach to ecosystem management. Marine Environmental Research 58: 233–237 Galloway T.S.,Millward N.,Browne M.A., Depledge M.H., 2002, Rapid assessment of organophosphorous/carbamateexposure in the bivalve mollusc Mytilus edulis using combined esterase activities as biomarkers, Aquatic Toxicology 61: 169–180 Hyne R.V., Maher W.A., 2003, Invertebrate biomarkers: links to toxicosis that predict population decline, Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 54: 366–374 Jongeneelen F., J., 1997,Methods for routine biological monitoring of carcinogenicPAH-mixtures, The Science of the Total Environment 199: 141-149 Moore M. N., Depledge M. H., Readman J. W., Leonard D.R.P., 2004, An integrated biomarker-based strategy for ecotoxicological evaluation of risk in environmental management. Mutation Research, 552: 247–268

  27. REFERENCES Omenn G.S., M.D. 2006. PUBLIC COMMENT ON OMB DRAFT RISK ASSESSMENT BULLETIN. National Research Council Public Meeting. Owen R.,Galloway T.S, Hagger J.A.,Jones M.B.,Depledge M.H.2008. Biomarkers and environmental risk assessment: Guiding principles from the human health field. Marine Pollution Bulletin 56: 613–619 Schlenk D., 1999, Necessity of defining Biomarkers for Use in Ecological Risk Assessments, Marine Pollution Bulletin 39: 48-53 Suter G.W., Vermeire T., Munns W.R., Jun Sekizaw, 2005,, An integrated framework for health and ecological risk assessment, Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology207: S611 – S616 Vainio H., 2001, Use of biomarkers in risk assessment, International Journalof Hygiene and Environmental Health Van Leeuwen, C.J. and J.L.M. Hermens, Eds. 1995. Risk Assessment of Chemicals: AnIntroduction. Kluwer Academic Pub., Dordrecht, The Netherlands. http://books.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=11811&page=13 http://oaspub.epa.gov/eims/xmlreport.display?deid=15200&z_chk=63298 http://www.who.int/ipcs/publications/new_issues/ira/en/print.html http://www.who.int/ipcs/publications/new_issues/ira/en/print.html www.google.com

More Related