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GABA- γ- Aminobutyric Acid, Glutamate, and Glycine

GABA- γ- Aminobutyric Acid, Glutamate, and Glycine. 醫學系一 A B9902011 朱庭儀 B9902030 林靖容. Glutamate. In neuroscience, glutamate plays a key role in long-term potentiation , learning and memory.

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GABA- γ- Aminobutyric Acid, Glutamate, and Glycine

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  1. GABA-γ-Aminobutyric Acid, Glutamate, and Glycine 醫學系一A B9902011朱庭儀 B9902030林靖容

  2. Glutamate • In neuroscience, glutamate plays a key role in long-term potentiation, learning and memory. • Glutamate is the precursor for the synthesis of GABA, the lack of which may lead to stiff-man syndrome.

  3. Functional uses • Metabolism § R1-amino acid + R2-α-ketoacid ⇌ R1-α-ketoacid + R2-amino acid § glutamate + H2O + NADP+ → α-ketoglutarate + NADPH+ NH3 + H+

  4. Functional uses • Neurotransmitter § Nerve impulses→release of glutamate from the pre-synaptic cell→glutamate receptors in the opposing post-synaptic cell bindwith glutamate→ activated.

  5. § Excitotoxicity due to glutamate is associated with certain diseases.

  6. Functional uses • Flavor enhancer：MSG=monosodium glutamate • Nutrient • Plant growth：Auxigro • NMR Spectroscopy：alignment medium.

  7. Glycine • Biosynthetic intermediate • Neurotransmitter § Glycine is an inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system. Activation of glycine receptors are can cause an Inhibitory postsynaptic potential (IPSP). 

  8. NMDA receptor • Functional role It is the predominant molecular device for controlling synaptic plasticityand memory function. • Clinical significance Recently, NMDARs were associated with a rare autoimmune disease

  9. GABA-γ-Aminobutyric acid • The chief inhibitory neurotransmitter in the mammalian central nervous system • Neurons that produce GABA as their output are called GABAergic neurons,like Medium Spiny Cells

  10. GABAA–aligand-gated ion channel

  11. GABAB-a G protein-coupled receptor • Composed of two subunits • When binding to the GABAB receptor activates the trimeric G protein • Inhibit voltage-gated Ca++ channels or activate K+ channels.

  12. Structure and conformation • GABA is found mostly as a zwitterion • gas:highly folded solid: more extended solution: five different conformations synthesis

  13. GABA’s applications • Increase production of α waves, reduce β wave, Controls θwaves, • Also involved in the production of endorphins • Stimulate the production of Human Growth Hormone

  14. Comparison

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