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RADIATION SAFETY

RADIATION SAFETY. ORIENTATION COURSE. Ionizing Radiation - can deposit energy in neighboring atoms resulting in the removal of electrons. X-RADIATION. NUCLEAR RADIATION. Ionization of an Atom. Ionization of an Atom. BREMSSTRAHLUNG RADIATION. 1 ROENTGEN (R) = 2.58 X 10 -4 coulombs

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RADIATION SAFETY

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  1. RADIATION SAFETY ORIENTATION COURSE

  2. Ionizing Radiation - can deposit energy in neighboring atoms resulting in the removal of electrons. X-RADIATION NUCLEAR RADIATION

  3. Ionization of an Atom

  4. Ionization of an Atom

  5. BREMSSTRAHLUNG RADIATION

  6. 1 ROENTGEN (R) = 2.58 X 10-4coulombs kg 1 RAD (RAD) = 100 ergs per gram 1 REM (REM = 1 RAD X Q factor Q factors gamma & beta = 1 thermal n = 2 fast n = 10 alpha = 20 FOR GAMMA & BETA RADIATION 1 ROENTGEN » 1 RAD » 1 REM

  7. HALF LIFE 1 ½ Time Half Life is the length of time it takes for a amount of radioactive material to decay to one half it’s original amount.

  8. DECAY EQUATION ( ) 0.693 t½ t At = A0 e - At = activity at time t A0 = activity at time 0 t½ = isotope half life t = time from 0

  9. ENVIRONMENTAL SOURCES OF RADIATION COSMIC EARTH PEOPLE

  10. Consumer Products

  11. MEDICAL USES OF RADIOACTIVE MATERIALS AND RADIATION

  12. POTENTIAL LATENT BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS DUE TO CHRONIC RADIATION EXPOSURE GENETIC CANCER

  13. RADIATION EFFECTS

  14. ACUTE BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS DUE TO RADIATION EXPOSURE X-RAY / GAMMA EXPOSURE BETA EXPOSURE

  15. TO MINIMIZE YOUR RADIATION EXPOSURE AS LOW AS REASONABLY ACHIEVABLE YOU WILL PRACTICE ALARA PRINCIPLES

  16. EXTERNAL EXPOSURE PROTECTION METHODS TIME DISTANCE SHIELDING

  17. TIME THE SHORTER THE TIME EXPOSED TO RADIATION, THE SMALLER THE RADIATION DOSE RECEIVED.

  18. AS YOU INCREASE THE DISTANCE FROM THE RADIATION SOURCE, THE RADIATION LEVELS DECREASE. FOR A POINT SOURCE : mR/hr1mR/hr2 (distance2)2 (distance1)2 = DISTANCE INVERSE SQUARE LAW

  19. Distance

  20. SHIELDING

  21. Biological Effects

  22. Maximum Permissible Occupational Dose Whole Body 5000 millirem/yr Lens of Eye 15000 millirem/yr Skin 50000 millirem/yr Extremity 50000 millirem/yr Minors 10% of Adult Embryo/Fetus 500 millirem PUBLIC DOSE 100 millirem/yr

  23. METER RESPONSE PROBE AUDIO CALIBRATION RESET SELECT BATTERIES

  24. Lab Hygiene

  25. Preparation • Designate and label areas for working with radioactive material • Label all containers with a radioactive material label and specify the isotope • No eating, drinking or smoking in the laboratory • No mouth pipetting of radioactive material

  26. Conducting the Research • Use spill trays and absorbent covering • Use fume hoods for handling potentially volatile material • Wear laboratory coat, disposable gloves, and laboratory safety glasses • Use gloves appropriate for the chemicals to be handled

  27. Post Research • Monitor and decontaminate surfaces as described in Chapter 7 of the Radiation Safety Manual • Dispose of radioactive waste in waste containers in accordance with Appendix G in the Radiation Safety Manual. • Ensure the container is labeled with a "Radioactive Material" label and specify the radioisotope in the container.

  28. DESIGNATE AND LABEL RADIOACTIVE WORK AREAS LABEL ALL CONTAINERS AND ITEMS POTENTIALLY CONTAMINATED

  29. Contamination Limits Swipe test results Laboratory Areas < 1000 DPM per 100 square cm Unrestricted Areas (everywhere else) < 200 DPM per 100 square cm

  30. PERFORM MONTHLY SURVEYS • MAINTAIN THE SECURITY OF ISOTOPES, INCLUDING RADIOACTIVE WASTE

  31. Door between Food and Radiation

  32. METHODS OF CONTAMINATION CONTROL 2 1 1. GLOVES 2. LAB COATS OR APRONS 3. DECONTAMINATE 4. FUME HOODS 5. GLOVE BOX 6. PROTECTIVE SUITS 6 3 4 5

  33. PERSONAL EXPOSURE MONITORING INTERNAL EXTERNAL

  34. INTERNAL RADIATION EXPOSURE PROTECTION METHODS CONTAINMENT PROTECTIVE CLOTHING BIOASSAY PROGRAM

  35. BIOASSAY INTERNAL RADIATION MONITORING I-131 & I-125 H-3, C-14, S-35, P-32

  36. PRENATAL RADIATION EXPOSURE The University of Kentucky limits the dose to an embryo or fetus during the entire pregnancy, due to occupational exposure of a declared pregnant woman, to 500 millirem.

  37. DECLARATION OF PREGNANCY • IN WRITING TO THE RADIATION SAFETY OFFICER • WILL LOWER THE DOSE TO THE FETUS TO 5OO MILLIREM FOR THE TERM OF THE PREGNANCY

  38. EMERGENCY RESPONSE NOTIFY THE RADIATION SAFETY OFFICE WHEN: A CONTAMINATION EVENT INVOLVES PERSONNEL A SPILL IS GREATER THAN ~100 MICROCURIES RADIOACTIVE MATERIALS ARE MISSING (INCLUDING WASTE) FIRE, EXPLOSION, OR OTHER INCIDENT COULD SPREAD CONTAMINATION IN A RADIATION LAB

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