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ATTENTION DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER

ATTENTION DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER. Further explained. Comorbidities. CD ODD MMR LD ADHD PDD-NOS HFA PKU CHT. Developmental pathway.

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ATTENTION DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER

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  1. ATTENTION DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER Further explained

  2. Comorbidities • CD • ODD • MMR LD ADHD PDD-NOS HFA • PKU • CHT

  3. Developmental pathway • depression/anxiety • Childhood Adulthood ADHD • impulsivity CD • Core symptoms persist • MPH treatment

  4. DIAGNOSTIC MEASURES • Questionnaires • (Semi) Structured Interviews • DIAGNOSIS BY HEARSAY • PARENT + TEACHER • Third observational condition??

  5. Important cognitive theories

  6. response inhibition hypothesis Barkley (1997) Psychological Bulletin, 121, 65-94 (frontal) paper and pencil tests • delayed responding tests • stop task

  7. Delayed response testProfile control child • trial time in seconds after stimulus 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 • 1 x • 2 x • 3 x • 4 x • 5 x • 6 x • 7 x

  8. Profile child with ADHD • trial time in seconds after stimulus 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 • 1 x • 2 x • 3 x • 4 x • 5 x • 6 x • 7 x

  9. Delay Aversion Theory Sonuga Barke et al. (1992) - Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 33, 387-398 Sonuga Barke (2002) - Behavioural Brain Research, 130, 29-36

  10. Performance non-optimal state optimal state Theory of state regulation • Actual state vs. required (target) state – effort allocation extra effort no extra effort

  11. Signal rate

  12. Performance non-optimal state optimal state Theory of state regulation • Actual state vs. required (target) state – effort allocation extra effort no extra effort Physiological costs Heart rate variability P300 amplitude fMRI

  13. Nucleus Reticularis Thalami • NRT is a neural sheet draped over the lateral/anterior aspects of the thalamus • NRT is the functional interface between the arousal and attention systems • Receives axonal collaterals from corticothalamic, thalamocortical and reticular formation projections Portas et al. 1998, J. of Neuroscience, 18

  14. Go No-Go test

  15. ERPs • Tracking of covert information processing • Excellent temporal resolution • More direct assessment of energetic mechanisms

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