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Psychology

Mr. Tracy. Psychology. Getting’ to know Ya – Draw a Pig!. Pig Analysis If the pig is drawn: Toward the top of the paper – You have a tendency to be positive and optimistic. Toward the middle – You have a tendency to be a realist.

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Psychology

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  1. Mr. Tracy Psychology

  2. Getting’ to know Ya – Draw a Pig! • Pig Analysis If the pig is drawn: • Toward the top of the paper – You have a tendency to be positive and optimistic. • Toward the middle – You have a tendency to be a realist. • Toward the bottom – You have a tendency to be pessimistic and may beprone to behaving negatively. • Facing left – You have a tendency to believe in tradition and be friendly; you may also be prone to remembering dates well. • Facing Right – You have a tendency to be innovative and active, but may be prone to forgetting dates easily and may not have a strong sense of family. • Facing front – You have a tendency to be direct, and may enjoy playing the role of devil’s advocate; you also are prone to neither fearing nor avoiding confrontational discussions. • With many details – You have a tendency to be analytical, but may also be prone to being cautious to the point that you struggle with trust. • With few details – You have a tendency to be emotional and to focus on the larger picture rather than focusing on details. You also have a tendency to be a great risk taker and may sometimes be prone to reckless and impulsive decisions. • With less than 4 legs showing – May indicate that you are living through a major period of change and as a result you may be prone to struggling with insecurities. • With 4 legs showing – You have a tendency to be secure and to stick to your ideals; however, others may describe you as stubborn.  • With large ears – Indicates how good of a listener you are (the bigger, the better). • With a long tail – Indicates how intelligent you are (the longer, the better)

  3. Intelligent Quotient Scale – Accurate? • https://memorado.com/iqtest?r=134#.U-IiTZtlIsv.facebook • Stanford-Binet Scale (1916) • Over 140 - Genius or almost genius120 - 140 - Very superior intelligence110 - 119 - Superior intelligence90 - 109 - Average or normal intelligence80 - 89 - Dullness70 - 79 - Borderline deficiency in intelligenceUnder 70 - Feeble-mindedness • Research what these findings mean and determine their accuracy based on personal introspection. • FOR HW - One paragraph summary of your results and conclusions

  4. Unit 1 – Chapter 1 • Psychology is… • The scientific study of behavior and mental process • Behavior-ANY action other people can observe or measure • Goals of Psychology • Observe • Describe • Explain • Predict • CONTROL? CHANGE? • A Social Science, but also deals with Natural Science

  5. What do Psychologist do? • MANY different groups, with varied focus • CANNOT prescribe medication (psychiatrist) • Clinical – largest group • Depression, anxiety, relationships, drugs, etc • Counseling – adjustment issues • Family, marital, etc • School/Education – schools and districts • Learning disorders, peers, standardized tests, etc • Other…including experimental/research • REFLECTION???? Which would you choose?

  6. History of Psychology • Ancient Greeks • Socrates said we should “question ourselves” – introspection • Hippocrates – disturbed mentalities were abnormalities in the brain (physical) • 1800’s in Europe • Wilhelm Wundt – Structuralism • Human mind combined objective sensations with subjective thought • William James – Functionalism • Human ADAPT to environment and learn from successful experience • John B. Watson – Behaviorism • Based on observable, measurable ACTIONS, only the person knows why it happened • Little Albert? Read and video

  7. History of Psychology, Part Deuce • BF Skinner – Added to Behaviorism • REINFORCEMENT/REWARD will influence behavior • Positive/Negative? • Classical Conditioning • Operant Condition • SKINNER VIDEO – explain Skinner’s Experiments • Gestalt School • People seek out PATTERNS to determine behavior • Learning is ACTIVE and purposeful • INSIGHT reorganizes perceptions therefore changes behavior

  8. History of Psychology – then there was Freud • Sigmund Freud - Psychoanalysis • Understanding through consulting with patients (the Couch) • Behavior is a result of unconscious motives and internal conflicts • Freudian slips? Dreams? • Sexual and aggressive instincts, clashing with the rules of society, cause many HIDDEN conflicts

  9. Sit Bluto, Lets Talk • Analyze Bluto’s behavior using… • Functionalism • Behaviorism • Psychoanalysis • Attempt to explain why Bluto acts this using the three schools of thought • Blutarski video

  10. Contemporary Perspectives of Psychology • Built on Classic Theories • Neuroscience – body and brain enables emotions • Natural Science?? • Evolutionary – Natural selection perpetuates STRONG genes • Social Darwin??? • Behavior genetics – Nature VS Nurture • Twins?? • Psychodynamic – Unconscious drives • Behavioral – Observable responses • Cognitive – Storing and processing information • Socio Cultural – Changes in behavior and thinking are different according to culture • Nacirema??

  11. Unit 1 - Chapter 2 • Scientific Method • Question • Hypothesis • Test • Analysis - Draw a Conclusion • Identify the Scientific Method…do you agree with their conclusions?

  12. Psychological Methods • Psychology is an EXPERIMENTAL SCIENCE • Surveys, Samples and Populations • Survey Method • Asking people directly through questionnaires or interviews • Population and Samples • Target Population – the group to be studied • Sample – PART of the Target Population • Random Sample – selected by chance • Stratified Sample – proportional representation of the target group

  13. Methods of Observation • Testing Method –learn about human behavior through tests • Intelligence • Aptitude • Personality • Take the SAD test!!! • Case-Study Method – In-depth investigation of a group or person • VIDEO: “Genie The Wild Child” • Three paragraphs that • Identify Genie’s story • What is being tested • Results

  14. Social Avoidance and Distress Scale Results • Count ONE (1) point for each answer that matches • F • T • F • F • T • F • F • T • F • T • T • F • T 14. T 15. F 16. T 17. F 18. T 19. F 20. T 21. T 22. F 23. T 24. T 25. F 26. T 27. F 28. F The Norms reported by Watson and Friend (1969) Low ModerateHigh Males Below 4 4-1920+ Females 0 1-1617+ The HIGHER the score the GREATER degree of Social Discomfort. Analyze: 1. The NORMS that W&F developed. What do they mean? 2. YOUR score. DO you agree with W&F? Accuracy?

  15. Other Methods of Observation • Naturalistic Method • Field study of people in their nautral environment • Laboratory/Observation Method • Not always the white-sterile stereotype lab • The Skinner Box

  16. Analyzing Observations • Correlation – a measure of how closely one thing is related to another • A STRONG correlation means things are closely related • Positive Correlation • A RELATIONSHIP between the variables • Negative Correlation • WEAK relationships between variables • Correlations describe relationships NOT cause and effect!

  17. Experiment Method • Participants receive a Treatment within a certain Condition • Variables are factors that can vary or change within the experiment • Independent Variable – factor manipulated so researchers can determine its effect • Example: Raising or lowering the Temperature in a classroom • Dependent Variable – id DEPENDENT on the I.V. • Example: How the students react and behave • Experimental Group and Control Group are both studied • Placebo??

  18. Ethical Issues • Ethics are standards for proper and responsible behavior (APA) • Confidentiality; private; not harmful; purposeful/meaningful; • when the benefits outweigh the harm?!?!?! • Animal Research • Used ONLY when there is no alternative • Moving away from it today • Researcher should be as objective and thoughtful as possible in planning and perpetrating their experiments • Unethical Experiments Assignment

  19. Psychology Unit 2 Chapters 3 and 4 • Biology and Behavior • Sensation and Perception

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