Social Studies Grade 8 1 st Semester Review

1. Social Studies Grade 8 1st Semester Review Answers

2. 1. How did the federal government respond to the Whiskey Rebellion? pg. 284-285 • Washington sent troops and put down the rebellion and arrested the people involved. • What did this action prove to the new nation about the new federal government? • It showed the National Government had the power to enforce its laws. • 2. What war included the Battle of New Orleans, British capture of Washington, D.C. and the U.S. trying to invade Canada? • The War of 1812pg. 316

3. 3. Describe the known characteristics of the following groups. • Defined in the glossary •  4. What did George Washington warn about foreign alliances in his farewell address? • Stay away. In other words, Stay neutral pg 287 • 5. What are the 5 freedoms listed in the 1st Amendment pg. • a. Speech • b. Petition • c. Religion • d. Assembly • e. Press

4. 6. What were Alexander Hamilton’s views on Federal government role? It should be strong • What party did he belong? Federalist pg. 288 • 7. What is meant by public service? • 1. a service that is performed for the benefit of the public or its institutions2. employment within a government system (especially in the civil service) • 8. What was decided in the Dred Scott case? • Dred Scott was still a slave and was not a citizen, so he was not protected by the Constitution, he was property.! pg. 602-603

5. 9. What are inalienable rights? • Rights that cannot be taken away. • What document written by Thomas Jefferson 1776 discusses inalienable rights? • The Declaration of Independence • What philosopher did Thomas Jefferson use as inspiration for inalienable rights and natural rights of man? • John Locke pg. 166

6. 10. What president was responsible for the Alien and Sedition Acts? John Adams • What were they? • The Alien Act – The President could deport ‘dangerous’ aliens at will. • The Sedition Act – Any conspiracy against the government including riots and interference with officers would result in a high misdemeanor. This went so far as to stop people from speaking in a “false, scandalous and malicious” manner against the government.

7. 11. What is significant or important about the Fundamental Orders of Connecticut? • It set up Representative Government in Connecticut. First written constitution in America • 12. Marbury v Madison established that the Supreme Court had the power to do what under judicial review? • Review Laws and Court decisions and decide if they were following the constitution • 13. What country helped the U.S. in the American Revolution? • France

8. 14. What rights are contained in the following amendments? 3rd Amendment No quartering of soldiers • 4th Amendment_ Search and Seizure and Probable Cause • 15. pg. 208 What were the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation? • a. No power to Tax • b. No court system • c. No power to enforce laws • d. No power to Regulate Trade • e. Required all 13 states to approve changes

9. 16. How do people exercise their power over government under the principle of popular sovereignty? • Voting • 17. What do the three branches of government do under the checks and balances principle? • Each branch monitors the other branches and can check some of their actions pg. 245 • .

10. 18. How did the colonies break from mercantilism to free enterprise? (what existed in the colonies that allowed for free enterprise system to emerge?) • Believed they could determine their own governments, Many cultures, Rule of a distant monarch (King George III and salutary neglect) • describe mercantilism • AN economic system in which nations increased their wealth and power by obtaining gold and silver and establishing a favorable balance of trade • describe free enterprise – • Business is conducted freely based on the choices of individuals without government control.

11. 19. What was important about the Battle of Saratoga that made it the turning point of the American Revolution?_It was the turning point of the American Revolution and convinced France to help the colonies in their fight. • 20. In the Great Compromise, how was the New Jersey plan and Virginia Plan combined to create Congress?_ • The government would have 3 branches - a bicameral legislature, an executive branch and a judicial branch • What is bicameral? • Consists of 2 houses

12. 21. What is a tariff? • A TAX ON IMPORTED GOODS • What was the British intent when issuing the Intolerable Acts? • To punish the colonies for resisting British rules like the Tea Act. (remember the Boston Tea Party) • What are some examples of some of the “intolerable” acts imposed by Britain (England)? • · Boston Port Act • · Administration of Justice Act • · Massachusetts Government Act • · Quartering Act • · Quebec Act

13. 22. What battle from the American Revolution is referred to as “the shot heard round the world.”? • Lexington and Concord • 23. What country is Marquis de Lafayette originally a citizen? • France • What is his contribution to the American Revolution? Fought for the colonies in the American • Where there others like him? • Yes

14. 24. Why did Britain create the Proclamation Line of 1763? • To keep the colonists and the Indians separate. • How did American colonists react to it? • They did not like it and they ignored it, crossing the Appalachian mountains anyway and taking Indian land. • 25. define direct tax • A tax levied directly on the consumer • define indirect tax • A tax on a product that a business buys then sells to the consumer

15. Label which is direct tax and indirect tax and why • Stamp Act Direct • Quartering Act Indirect • Intolerable Acts Indirect • 26. Who founded Georgia? • Oglethorpe • For what purpose? • So debtors could make a new start for themselves and to protect the other colonies from the Spanish and Indians in Florida

16. 27. What battle of War of 1812 led to future President Andrew Jackson’s fame? • New Orleans  • 28. Why was the colony of Virginia primarily founded? • To make a profit! • (think Jamestown and Virginia Company of London) • 29. What was the motivation of the American government with the Indian Removal Act of 1830. Pg. 360 • Take their land, Protect Native American culture, and avoid conflict between them and the whites • What was President Andrew Jackson’s position on the Act?_(for/against) • Supported it 

17. 30. Who was George Washington’s Secretary of Treasury, assistant to George Washington in the American Revolution, member of Continental congress/Convention and was NOT a future President? • Alexander Hamilton • 31. What was decided in the Three-Fifths Compromise at the Constitutional Convention? • 5 slaves would be counted as 3 people for the purpose of representation in the House of Representatives and taxes • What city was it held? • Philadelphia 

18. 32. Andrew Jackson’s election was important because more people were allowed to vote. Who exactly was allowed to vote? • White men of voting age(now the common man could vote) • What groups(demographics) were still excluded from voting at this time? • Women and slaves

19. 33. Write the last line of the Star Spangled Banner? • O’re the land of the Free and the Home of the brave. • Who wrote it? • Francis Scott Key • during what war? • War of 1812

20. 34. What cause is associated with War of 1812? • Impressment of American sailors by the British • Shay’s Rebellion led to • the Constitution being written. • Cotton gin led to increased • Slavery

21. 35. What events are closely associated with Andrew Jackson’s presidency? • a.Trail of Tears • b. Spoils system • c. Nullification Crisis • d. War on the bank • 36. What results came about due to the War of 1812? Pg. 317 • a. increased patriotism • b. Increased Industrialization • c. Broke the strength of the Native Americans