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Pluralul substantivelor

Pluralul substantivelor. prezentare. La plural, substantivele primesc de regula terminatia “- s ”. flower – flower s ; book – book s ; cow – cow s Fac exceptie substantivele terminate in: “-s”, “-z”, “-x”, “-ch”, “-sh”, care primesc terminatia “- es ”.

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Pluralul substantivelor

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  1. Pluralul substantivelor prezentare

  2. La plural, substantivele primesc de regula terminatia “-s”. flower – flowers; book – books; cow – cows Fac exceptie substantivele terminate in: “-s”, “-z”, “-x”, “-ch”, “-sh”, care primesc terminatia “-es”. Bus – buses; box – boxes; bench –benches; Brush – brushes; buzz- buzzes

  3. Observatie • Substantivele terminate in “-o” fac pluralul in doua moduri, in functie de vechimea pe care o au in fondul limbii engleze. • Cele vechi primesc terminatia “-es”: potato – potatoes; tomato – tomatoes. • Cele mai noi, precum si cele terminate in “-o” precedat de vocala, au terminatia “-s”: piano –pianos; radio – radios; mosquito – mosquitos.

  4. Reguli de ortografiere la adaugarea terminatiei “-s” 1. Substantivele terminate in “-y” precedat de o consoana transforma “-y” in “-ie”: Family – families; country – countries 2. Substantivele terminate in “-f” si “-fe” le transforma in “-ves” la plural: Leaf – leaves; wife – wives; knife – knives; life - lives; shelf - shelves Exceptii: roof – roofs, handkerchief - handkerchiefs; cliff – cliffs

  5. Substantive cu plural neregulat • Man – men (policeman – policemen etc.) • Woman – women (policewoman – policewomen etc.) • Child – children • Mouse – mice • Ox – oxen • Tooth – teeth • Goose - geese • Foot – feet • Die - dice

  6. Substantive de origine greaca • Cele terminate in “-sis” fac pluralul in “-ses” • Axis – axes (axa – axe) • Crisis – crises (criza – crize) • Basis – bases (baza – baze) • Oasis – oases (oaza – oaze) etc.

  7. Alte substantive de origine greaca • Phenomenon – phenomena (fenomen – fenomene) • Criterion – criteria (criteriu – criterii)

  8. Substantive cu aceeasi forma la singular si plural • Fish – fish • Fruit - fruit • Sheep – sheep • Deer – deer etc.

  9. Substantive nenumarabile • La fel ca in limba romana, substantivele de tipul urmator (lichide, solide, notiuni abstracte) sunt considerate nenumarabile: • Water, coffee, silver, iron, happiness, joy etc.

  10. Alte substantive nenumarabile • Pe langa cele mentionate, mai exista si alte substantive care in romana sunt numarabile, insa in engleza nu. • Bread => a loaf of bread (o franzela , o paine); two loaves of bread (doua paini) • Chocolate => a bar of chocolate (o ciocolata); three bars of chocolate ( trei ciocolate)

  11. Alte substantive nenumarabile • News => an item/a piece of news (o stire), two items/pieces of news (doua stiri); • Lightening => a flesh of lightening (un fulger); • Furniture => a piece of furniture (o mobila); • Advice => a piece of advice (un sfat) • Soap => a cake of soap ( un sapun), two cakes of soap (doua sapunuri); • Money = bani

  12. Atentie! • Substantivele nenumarabile se acorda cu verbul la singular si nu admit numerale in fata lor! • The news is good. • GRESIT: I have a good news. • Your money is here. • GRESIT : Your money are here.

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