Section 3: Metals

1. Section 3:Metals • What are the physical properties of metals? • How does the reactivity of metals change across the periodic table?

2. Properties of Metals • Physical Properties • Luster—shiny or reflective • Malleability—can be shaped without breaking • Ductility—can be stretched or rolled out • Conductivity—electricity and heat move through it

3. Properties of Metals • Chemical Properties • React by losing electrons • Are less reactive toward the center of the table • Many corrode with air or water

4. Properties of Metals

5. Metals in the Periodic Table • Alkali Metals • Group 1 • Lose 1 electron in reactions • Most reactive metals • Very soft

6. Metals in the Periodic Table • Alkaline-Earth Metals • Group 2 • Lose 2 electron in reactions • 2nd most reactive metals • Hard, grey-white, good conductors of electricity

7. Metals in the Periodic Table • Transition Metals • Group 3-12 “the center” • Less reactive metals • Form minerals in lava and rock • Can corrode slowly • Hard, shiny, good electric conductors

8. Metals in the Periodic Table • Mixed Group Metals • Group 13-15 • Reactive metals • Common

9. Melting Points in a Group of Elements • The properties of elements within a single group in the periodic table often vary in a certain pattern. The following graph shows the melting points of Group 1 elements (alkali metals) from lithium to francium.

10. Melting points decrease from lithium to francium. Reading Graphs: As you look at Group 1 from lithium to francium, describe how the melting points of the alkali metals change. Melting Points in a Group of Elements

11. New element 119 should have a melting point of approximately 25ºC or lower. Predicting: If element number 119 were synthesized, it would fall below francium in Group 1 of the periodic table. Predict the approximate melting point of new element 119. Melting Points in a Group of Elements

12. Cesium, francium Interpreting Data: Which of the alkali metals are liquids at 35ºC? Melting Points in a Group of Elements

13. End of Section:Metals

14. Section 4:Nonmetals, Inert Gases, and Semimetals • What are the properties of nonmetals and inert gases?

15. Properties of Nonmetals • Physical Properties • Opposite of metals • Most are gases • Solids are poor conductors, dull, brittle

16. Properties of Nonmetals • Chemical Properties • Gain or share electrons when reacting • The basis for living things.

17. Families of Nonmetals • Carbon Family • Gain or share 4 electrons when reacting • Carbon is essential to molecules of life.

18. Families of Nonmetals • Nitrogen Family • Gain or share 3 electrons when reacting • More reactive than the carbon family

19. Families of Nonmetals • Oxygen Family • Gain or share 2 electrons when reacting • More reactive than the nitrogen family

20. Families of Nonmetals • HalogenFamily • Gain or share 1 electrons when reacting • Most reactive of ALL element groups • Salt forming elements

21. Families of Nonmetals • Inert (AKA Nobel) Gases • Do NOT react • Last to be discovered

22. Families of Nonmetals • Hydrogen • NOT in any family of elements • Will lose or share its only electron in reactions • Most pure hydrogen found in stars

23. End of Section: Nonmetals, Inert Gases, and Semimetals