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Brief Summary of Fay & Golomb Ch3

Brief Summary of Fay & Golomb Ch3. 2/12/13. Chapter in Brief. Objective: To present a brief yet comprehensive overview of thermodynamic principles applied to energy systems Forms of Energy Work and Heat First and Second Laws Thermodynamic Properties and Functions Heat Transfer

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Brief Summary of Fay & Golomb Ch3

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  1. Brief Summary of Fay & Golomb Ch3 2/12/13

  2. Chapter in Brief • Objective: To present a brief yet comprehensive overview of thermodynamic principles applied to energy systems • Forms of Energy • Work and Heat • First and Second Laws • Thermodynamic Properties and Functions • Heat Transfer • Thermodynamic Cycles • Energy Processing

  3. Heat Engines • A heat engine is a system that by operating in a cycle on a working medium transforms heat into work • A thermopower plant is a heat engine that transfers the work produced to an external agent • A refrigerating plant is a heat engine that consumes heat provided by an external agent

  4. Thermopower Plants • Key components • Working Medium Carries out Expansion and Produces Work • Turbine (in in turbine engines) • Cylinder/Piston (Expansion stroke in IC engines) • Propelling Nozzle (in jet engines) • Working Medium Undergoes Compression under the influence of External Work • Compressor (in turbine and jet engines) • Cylinder/Piston (Compression Stroke in IC engines)

  5. Thermodynamics of Heat Engines • The principles of thermodynamics allow the quantitative analysis of the energy conversion efficiency of heat engines • Representation of cycles in a p-V diagram • Representation of cycles in a T-S diagram

  6. Forms of Energy • Mechanical Energy (Kinetic and Potential) • Internal Energy • Chemical Energy • Electric and Magnetic Energy • Nuclear Energy • Total Energy

  7. Work and Heat • Types of Work • Due to force on a particle • Due to pressure on a gas • Due to electric potential on a charge • Due to a torque on a rotating body • Types of Heat • Sensible heat • Latent heat

  8. Laws of Thermodynamics • First Law: • Energy is conserved • Heat Input minus Work Done equal to Internal Energy Change • Second Law: • The Entropy of the universe never decreases

  9. Thermodynamic Properties and Functions • Intensive properties: e.g. p and T • Extensive properties: e.g. V, Internal Energy • Specific properties: Extensive/mass • Enthalpy H and Specific Heat Cp • Gibbs Free Energy F • Systems with Steady Flow ( h = q – w) • Heat Transfer (Q = U T)

  10. Thermodynamic Cycles • Systems starts and ends in the same state • Carnot • Two isotherms+Two adiabats • Efficiency = (Th-Tc)/Th • Rankine • Otto • Brayton • Combined Cycles • Refrigeration Cycles

  11. Energy Processing • Schematic representation of energy processing devices operating under steady flow conditions • Inputs of mass, enthalpy, Gibbs free energy • Outputs of mass, enthalpy, Gibbs free energy • Heat Input • Work Done • Conversion Constraint: w <= fin - fout • Concept of Adiabatic Combustion Temperature and Fuel Heating Value

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