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Chapter I terms

Chapter I terms. And some introductory information. Roman alphabet. First developed by the Semites from Egyptian pictographs Passed from Phoenicians (a Semite tribe), to the Greeks, to the Etruscans to Romans (and still in use today by 100 languages, including English!)

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Chapter I terms

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  1. Chapter I terms And some introductory information

  2. Roman alphabet • First developed by the Semites from Egyptian pictographs • Passed from Phoenicians (a Semite tribe), to the Greeks, to the Etruscans to Romans (and still in use today by 100 languages, including English!) • The classical Latin alphabet (i.e., pre-Middle Ages), does not contain the letters j, u, or w. • Romans used the letter i for both i and j sounds and the letter v for both u and v (aka, w) sounds. • Romans had no lower-case letters, which developed just before the Middle Ages.

  3. Macrons and Pronunciation • Also called long marks • Indicate a lengthening of a vowel sound • Were not used in Roman writings—we use them today to help beginners understand poetry and pronunciation • Latin is wholly phonetic—that means that it is pronounced exactly the way it’s written

  4. Noun terms • Number—whether a noun is singular or plural • Gender—whether a noun is masculine, feminine, or neuter • Case—an indication of how a noun is used in the sentence (e.g., subject, direct object, indirect object, etc.) • Declension—the family that a noun falls into; a noun’s declensions determines its endings; there are 5 declensions

  5. 5 noun cases • There are five cases which are used with every Latin noun, given as follows: • Nominative—used for subjects and predicate nominatives • Genitive—used to show possession • Dative—used for indirect objects • Accusative—used for direct objects and some prepositional phrases • Ablative—used for prepositional phrases • A noun in each of these cases will have a different ending, depending on the noun’s declension, number, and gender.

  6. Aqua, aquae f.—water

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