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VISUAL MIMICRY

VISUAL MIMICRY. Various kinds of mimicry. Batesian mimicry : resemblance of harmless species to some non-edible species that signals their unsuitability to possible predators Müllerian mimicry : resemblance of aposematic signals of different non-edible species

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VISUAL MIMICRY

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  1. VISUAL MIMICRY

  2. Various kinds of mimicry • Batesian mimicry:resemblance of harmless species to some non-edible species that signals their unsuitability to possible predators • Müllerian mimicry:resemblance of aposematic signals of different non-edible species • Peckhamian mimicry: resemblance of predators’ messages to messages of some species, or to some objects, that are harmless to their prey • Wasmannian mimicry: occurs when the mimic resembles it's host in order to live within the same nest or structure

  3. Batesian mimicry Harmless hoverflies resemble non-edible wasps

  4. Batesian mimicry

  5. More Batesian mimicry The toxic sea slug Phillidiella pustulosa (left) is mimicked by a harmless flatworm Pseudoceros imitatus

  6. More Batesian mimicry The harmless Allobates zaparo (top) mimics the poiseness Epipedobates biliguis (middle) and the even more toxic species E. parvalus whenever these species share their habitats

  7. More Batesian mimicry The venomous coral snake Micrurus fulvius and its non-venomous mimic the king snake Lampropeltis triangulum

  8. More Batesian mimicry The viceroy butterfly Limenitis archippus (left) has evolved to mimic and look like the foul-tasting and poisonous monarch butterfly Danaus plexippus

  9. More Batesian mimicry The filefish Canthigaster valentini (left) mimics the unpalatable puffer Paraluterus prionurus

  10. More Batesian mimicry The Harlequin Snake eel (Myrichthys colubrinus) mimics the Banded sea snake (Laticauda colubrina) an extremely toxic species with conspicuous black and white warning colouration

  11. More Batesian mimicry The mimic octopus (Thaumoctopus mimicus)has the ability to mimic other aquatic creatures in order to avoid predation

  12. Müllerian mimicry Many stinging wasps, like (from left to right) Vespula vulgaris, Vespula germanica and Vespula rufa share the same or similar black and yellow aposematic colour pattern.

  13. Müllerian mimicry Subspecies of Heliconius erato (left-hand column) and of H. melpomene on the right. Both species are toxic and form a local mimicry ring from a different area of Ecuador or northern Peru

  14. Müllerian mimicry The unpalatable soldier beetles (Cantharidae) mimic the distateful lycid beetles (Lycidae) and, when flying, the wasp

  15. More Müllerian mimicry Unpalatable caterpillors of St. Jacobbutterfly mimic stinging wasps and venomous coral snakes

  16. The use of black and yellow as a warning sign(RESEMBLING POISENESS SPECIES)

  17. Peckhamian mimicry This anglar fish (Antenarius sp.) displays a lure resembling a small fish

  18. Peckhamian mimicry In its mouth, the Alligator snapping turtle (Macroclemys temminckii) possesses a wormlike projection that is moved to attract prey into the turtle’s mouth

  19. More Peckhamian mimicry The orchard spiders (Celaenia sp.) mimic bird droppings to look unappatising and attract moths by scent

  20. More Peckhamian mimicry The bolas spider Mastophora hutchinsoni emits chemical attractants that mimic the sex pheromones of its moth prey

  21. More Peckhamian mimicry Some spiders like the Synemosyninae and the genus Myrmarachne mimic ants that they hunt

  22. More Peckhamian mimicry Lightning bugs (Lampiridae) have specific flash sequences to find eachother. Females of the genus Photurus can imitate the flash sequence of Photunis females in order to attract male wich they will devour .

  23. Peckhamian mimicry in carnivorous plants The fly orchid (Ophrys insectifera) and the Venus Flytrap, (Dionaea muscipula) attract insects that they digest

  24. Aposematic colouration:(maybe) I’m poiseness Sea slugsof the genusThe distasteful grasshopper Chromodoris Acripeza reticulata

  25. More aposematic colours:(maybe) I’m poiseness Warning colours in amphibians and insects

  26. Signs of warning:(maybe) I’m dangerous Beetles like the Staphylinidae (right) and Phosphaenus hemipterus(left) mimic scorpions that may scare predators.

  27. Signs of warning:(maybe) I’m dangerous Some planthoppers (Homoptera) mimic jumping spiders probably to avoid some predators, such as ants and even the jumping spiders

  28. More signs of warning:(maybe) I’m dangerous The false eye-spots in some species may frighten off or throw into disorder their predators Madoryx oiclus Polyphemus Moths Pleurodema thaul Papilio troilus Chaetodon captistratus

  29. Wasmannian mimicry Reichenbachia spatulifer Araeoschizus sp. Some beetles mimic ants in order to be provided with food, shelter and protection

  30. Camouflage The moth Datana sp. (Notodontidae)mimics the rain forest floor

  31. Camouflage The frog Paradoxophyla palmata mimics the mud and tree trunks in its environment.

  32. Camouflage The insect Phyllium giganteum mimics a leaf to disguise itself

  33. Camouflage The praying mantis Hymenopus coronatus uses its elegantly-lobed hind legs and pink and white coloration to camouflage itself amongst the native orchid flowers

  34. Camouflage The pygmy seahorse Hippocampus bargibanti mimics gorgonian corals of the genus Muricella

  35. Camouflage The starry flounder Platichthys stellatus makes use of melanophores and chromophores to adapt to the sea floor

  36. Camouflage The great bittern Botaurus stellarisis pretty well camouflaged in its natural habitat

  37. Camouflage The zebra Equus burchelliand the leopard Panthera Pardus may look conspicuous to us but are quite difficult to spot at dusk, especially when beïng “colour-blind”

  38. Egg-spots Among cichlids the males of maternal mouthbrooders wear “egg-dummies” on their anal fin that are crucial to mating

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