All My Sons

1. All My Sons An Introduction

2. Arthur Miller - Biography • Arthur Asher Miller (October 17, 1915 – February 10, 2005). • Miller was an extremely important American playwright, writing a wide variety of plays, such as The Crucible, A View from the Bridge, All My Sons, and Death of a Salesman, which are still studied and performed worldwide. • He was also well-known for receiving the Pulitzer Prize for Drama and for being married to Marilyn Monroe.

3. All My Sons - Overview • All My Sons is a 1947 play by Arthur Miller. • The play opened on Broadway at the Coronet Theatre in New York City on January 29, 1947 and ran for 328 performances. It won the New York Drama Critics' Circle Award, and Tony Awards for Best Author and Best Direction of a Play. • All My Sons is based upon a true story, which Arthur Miller's then mother-in-law pointed out in an Ohio newspaper. The story described how a woman informed on her father, who had sold faulty parts to the U.S. military during World War II. • The play takes place over a weekend in August 1947, on the outskirts of an American town, in the back yard of the Keller family home. • The events of the play centre on the fortunes of Joe Keller and his family. Keller sold faulty machine parts to the US Air Force during the Second World War, and the play shows how this decision comes back to haunt him.

4. All My Sons – Major Themes • “All My Sons” is generally considered to focus on the following themes: • War Profiteering • Social Responsibility • The American Dream • As you watch the performance of the play, consider the ways in which these themes are explored.

5. The American Dream • The American Dream is a national ethos of the United States in which freedom includes the opportunity for prosperity and success. • The term was first used in 1931 by James Truslow Adams, an American writer and historian, who declared that “life should be better and richer and fuller for everyone, with opportunity for each according to ability or achievement […] regardless of the fortuitous circumstances of birth or position”. • The idea of the American Dream is rooted in the United States Declaration of Independence which proclaims that “all men are created equal” and that they are “endowed by their Creator with certain inalienable Rights” including “Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness.” • The American Dream is a popular theme of 20th Century American fiction, many writers criticising the American Dream and their society’s inability to live up to its ideals. Notable works include: • Mark Twain's novel The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn • F. Scott Fitzgerald's novel The Great Gatsby • Toni Morrison's novel Song of Solomon • Hunter S. Thompson’s novel Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas • Edward Albee’s play Who’s Afraid of Virginia Wolfe • John Steinbeck’s novel Of Mice and Men • The American Dream is a theme that Miller was fond of. He explores it in All My Sons, as well as Death of a Salesman, one of his best known plays.

6. Analysing a Drama Text • Drama texts are considerably different from the other literary genre that we study in English, as they are not a complete work of art. A play is only complete when it is performed by actors. • The information contained in a drama text is like a series of instructions that can be used by directors, actors, designers etc. when they decide how to go about performing the play. • The information in a drama text consists of two main types: • The dialogue – specific words that actors performing the characters in the play should speak. • The stage directions – instructions about a range of things, such as • General notes on the way the set should look. • General notes on the appearance and personality of characters. • Specific actions that actors should perform when representing the characters in the play. • Instructions about the way in which specific lines of dialogue should be delivered. • Given that this is the case it is important to remember this when reading a play. It is also vital that you try to visualise how the play might be performed.

7. General Understanding Questions • Now that you have watched a performance of the play and have a general idea of its storyline, consider the following questions: • What questions do you have about the play that remain unanswered? • How are the following themes explored in the play: • War Profiteering • Social Responsibility • The American Dream