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Networking Basics TCP/IP Protocols

Networking Basics TCP/IP Protocols. The Main Protocols of the TCP/IP Suite. Contained within the TCP/IP model are several protocols that direct how computers connect and communicate using TCP/IP.

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Networking Basics TCP/IP Protocols

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  1. Networking BasicsTCP/IP Protocols

  2. The Main Protocols of the TCP/IP Suite • Contained within the TCP/IP model are several protocols that direct how computers connect and communicate using TCP/IP. • Even though the protocol suite is called TCP/IP, many other protocols are available besides the TCP and IP protocols.

  3. TCP • Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) is one of the protocols that the TCP/IP suite is named for. • TCP provides a reliable, connection-based delivery service. • Successful delivery of packets is guaranteed by the TCP protocol. • If a TCP packet is lost or corrupted during transmission, TCP resends a good packet.

  4. TCP • TCP requires the recipient to acknowledge the successful receipt of data. • ACKs, generate additional traffic on the network, which causes a network slowdown

  5. UDP • User Datagram Protocol (UDP) offers a connectionless datagram service that is an unreliable "best effort" delivery. • UDP does not guarantee the arrival of datagrams, nor does it promise that the delivered packets are in the correct sequence. • Applications that don’t require an acknowledgment of receipt of data use UDP.

  6. ICMP • Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) enables systems on a TCP/IP network to share status and error information. • You can use the status information to detect network trouble. • ICMP messages are encapsulated within IP datagrams, so they may be routed throughout an internetwork. • Two of the most common usages of ICMP messages are ping and tracert.

  7. PING • You can use ping to send ICMP Echo Requests to an IP address and wait for ICMP EchoResponses. • Ping reports the time interval between sending the request and receiving the response. • With ping you can determine whether a particular IP system on your network is functioning correctly.

  8. TRACERT • Tracert traces the path taken to a particular host. • Tracert sends ICMP echo requests to an IP address while it increments the TTL field in the IP header by a count of one after starting at one and then analyzing the ICMP errors that get returned. • Each succeeding echo request should get one further into the network before the TTL field reaches 0 and an ICMP Time Exceeded error is returned by the router attempting to forward it.

  9. ARP • ARP is used to provide IP-address-to-physical-address resolution for IP packets. • To accomplish this feat, ARP sends out a broadcast message with an ARP request packet in it that contains the IP address of the system it is trying to find.

  10. ARP • All systems maintain an ARP cache that includes their own IP-address-to-physical-address mapping. • The ARP cache is always checked for an IP-address-to-physical-address mapping before initiating a broadcast.

  11. SMTP • Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) is a protocol used to send and receive mail over the Internet. • In the days of mainframes and terminals, workstations had continuous connections to the mainframe; therefore electronic mail could be sent and received with great assurance. • Because most computers are stand-alone workstations, and no longer terminal based, SMTP cannot provide a high degree of reliability between the non-permanent connections.

  12. POP3 • Post Office Protocol (POP) was designed to overcome the problem encountered with SMTP • A POP3 mail server holds the mail in a maildrop until the workstation is ready to receive the mail.

  13. POP3 • When you set up a mail account with your Internet Service Provider (ISP), your ISP gives you the name of the POP3 server to which you can log in, with the correct username and password, to obtain your mail. • POP is on its third iteration, so now it’s POP3.

  14. SNMP • Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) is an Internet standard that provides a simple method for remotely managing virtually any network device. • A network device could be a network card in a server, a program or service running on a server, or a standalone network device such as a hub or router.

  15. SNMP • The goal for a management system is to provide centralized network management. • Any computer running SNMP management software is referred to as a management system

  16. FTP • File Transfer Protocol (FTP) is a TCP/IP utility that exists solely to copy files from one computer to another. • FTP can establish a connection to a remote computer using either the host name or IP address

  17. FTP • There are a number of third-party graphical user interface (GUI) FTP clients for all versions of Windows computers. • If you use FTP a lot, a GUI FTP client may save you a lot of time and frustration.

  18. IP • IP is the other protocol that the suite is named for. • It is a vital link in the suite because all information that is sent using the TCP/IP protocol suite must use it. • IP provides packet delivery for all other protocols within the suite. It is a connectionless delivery system that makes a "best-effort" attempt to deliver the packets to the correct destination. • IP does not guarantee delivery, nor does it promise that the IP packets will be received in the order they were sent.

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