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1491

America on the Eve of Discovery. 1491. Not a creature was stirring. Before Columbus. After Columbus. The Truth About Pre-Columbian America. Who Gets the Gold?. Land-bridge (70,000 years ago). But Columbus is Next, Right?. Indonesians to S. America (60,000 B.C.)

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1491

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  1. America on the Eve of Discovery 1491

  2. Not a creature was stirring. . . Before Columbus After Columbus

  3. The Truth About Pre-Columbian America

  4. Who Gets the Gold? • Land-bridge (70,000 years ago)

  5. But Columbus is Next, Right? • Indonesians to S. America (60,000 B.C.) • Japanese to Ecuador (5,000 B.C.) • Chinese to Central America (1,000 B.C.) • Celts to New England (500 B.C.) • Irish to Newfoundland (600 A.D.) • Vikings to Greenland (1000s A.D.) • West Africans to Caribbean ( 1311 A.D)

  6. Columbus’ “Discovery” • 70,000 years • Norse colony lasted 500 years!

  7. What do you think life is like?

  8. Rise of Empires • Mesoamerica • Olmecs • Teatihuacan • Mayans • Tollecs • Aztecs • 70 million people • Pops. of 30-40,000 each! * AS BIG AS LONDON!

  9. Rise of Empires • North America • Missippian cultures • Cahokia (St. Louis) – 900-1250 • Southwest • Hohokam • Anasazi – 1000-1300

  10. But they’re primitive, right?

  11. Features of Society • Irrigation canals • Advanced farming/hunting • Large cities/large populations • Warfare • Myth: pre-European peace • Dehumanization • Trade These are not “primitive or “backwards” societies! They are sophisticated and advanced!

  12. But They Didn’t Make Any Lasting Contributions. . .

  13. How’s This For A Contribution. . . • Creation Story • Right-handed son and left-handed son • Balance • Mourning War • Hiawatha and “the vision” • Deganwidah – a better way • 13 arrows • Iroquois Confederacy(~1200) • Mohawk, Oneida, Cayuga, Onondoga, Seneca • Equal share, vote on all issues * FIRST DEMOCRACY IN AMERICA

  14. DollaDolla Bills, Y’all • What is the eagle holding?

  15. Food For Thought. . .

  16. What if. . . • The Bering Strait passage • Microbes  healthiest group ever? • Problem: no antibodies • Conflict with Europeans • Karen Kupperman: “The technology and culture of Indians. . . were genuine rivals to those of the English” How, then, did Europeans “win”? DISEASE

  17. How powerful could Native Americans have gotten. . .

  18. . . . if not for Europeans?

  19. Why Do Things Happen the Way They Do? Who ELSE could have become a world power? What is special about the Europeans?

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