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Galileo Missions to Juptier

Galileo Missions to Juptier. Craig Lieneck. Galileo Spacecraft. One of the most complex robotic spacecraft ever flown. Consists of two spacecrafts: Orbiter: On-orbit mass: 2380 Kg Power System: Radioisotope Thermal Generators (RTGs) Atmospheric Probe:

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Galileo Missions to Juptier

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  1. Galileo Missions to Juptier Craig Lieneck

  2. Galileo Spacecraft • One of the most complex robotic spacecraft ever flown. • Consists of two spacecrafts: • Orbiter: On-orbit mass: 2380 KgPower System: Radioisotope Thermal Generators (RTGs) • Atmospheric Probe: On-orbit mass: 335 KgPower System: Storage batteries of 580 W

  3. Mission Goals - Probe • Determine the chemical composition of the Jovian atmosphere. • Characterize the structure of the atmosphere to a depth of at least 10 bars. • Investigate the nature of cloud particles and the location and structure of cloud layers. • Examine the Jovian radiative heat balance. • Study the nature of Jovian lightning activity. • Measure the flux of energetic charged particles down to the top of the atmosphere.

  4. Mission Goals - Orbiter • Investigate the circulation and dynamics of the Jovian atmosphere. • Study the interaction of the Jovian magnetosphere with the Galilean satellites. • Characterize the morphology, geology, and physical state of the Galilean satellites. • Investigate the composition and distribution of surface minerals on the Galilean satellites. • Determine the gravitational and magnetic fields and dynamic properties of the Galilean satellites. • Study the atmospheres, ionospheres, and extended gas clouds of the Galilean satellites.

  5. Initial Setbacks • Initial Launch Plan: • May 1986. • Carried on Space Shuttle to low-orbit. • Centaur Rockets to Jupiter. • Problems: • Challenger Disaster occurred in January, 1986. • Centaur Rockets forbidden on Space Shuttle.

  6. The Solution • VEEGA – “Venus-Earth-Earth-Gravity-Assist” • Galileo to use the gravity of Venus and Earth to boost to Jupiter. • Brought spacecraft closer than expected to sun. • Kept spacecraft in space longer than expected.

  7. Liftoff • Launched aboard Atlantis Space Shuttle on October 18, 1989.

  8. Tracking Galileo • Used Deep Space Network • Series of large antennas equally around Earth.

  9. Venus • February 19, 1990 • Galileo flies within 12,000km of Venus. • Images gave new information about structure and dynamics of atmosphere.

  10. Earth Flyby 1 • December 8, 1990 • Flew 960km over Western Atlantic Ocean. • 1000 pictures for an Earth-Rotation movie.

  11. Asteroid Belt - 1st Time • October 29, 1991 • Encountered Asteroid 951 Gaspra • Photographed 60% of surface from 5000km. • Galileo came within 1600km.

  12. Earth Flyby 2 • December 8, 1992 • Came within 305km. • Scientists calibrated instruments one last time.

  13. Asteroid Belt – 2nd Time • Encountered Asteroid Ida August 28, 2993 • Twice the size of Gaspra. • Surprise - Found small moon orbiting Ida (Dactyl).

  14. Galileo observes impact of S/L-9 into Jupiter in 7/94 23 fragments splash into Juptier. Galileo was 240 million km away. Shoemaker/Levy-9

  15. Final Mission - Jupiter • 7/13/95 – Atmospheric Probe released from spacecraft. • 7/27/95 – Orbiter Deflection Manuver (ODM) • 10/9/95 – Initial descent. • 10/11/95 – Tape recorder troubles. • 12/7/95 – Probe reaches Jupiter’s atmosphere.

  16. Final Mission - Probe • Entered atmosphere at 160,000mph. • Deployed parachute and released heat sheild. • 58 minute descent through 95 miles of Jovian atmosphere. • Atmosphere drier than earlier predictions. Clouds and lightning observed in distance. • Probe vaporized after encountering 450mph winds.

  17. Final Mission - Orbiter • Originally planned 11 orbits. • First 11 orbits designed for close-up pictures of moons. • At same time, measurements made of Jupiter's magnetosphere.

  18. Final Misson - Extended • Mission extended for GEM – Galileo Europa Mission. • Observed fire, ice, and water on the moon Europa. • Supported theory of underground ocean on Europa. • Made way through Jupiter’s radiation to observe Lava fountain on Io. • Missions would be extended two more times for further research. Io Europa Ganymede Callisto

  19. Conclusion • 9/21/03 - Galileo guided into Jupiter’s dense atmosphere, destroying the spacecraft. Done to avoid any impact with Galilean Satellites. • Last signal: 12:43:14 PDT. • Total Distance Traveled: 4,631,778,000km = about 2.8 billion miles • Major Accomplishments: • First mission for long-term observation of Jovian system. • Evidence of liquid layers of saltwater on Europa. • Ganymede and Castillo volcanic activity. • First observation of asteroid with moon.

  20. References • http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/galileo/tour/tourtoc.html • http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/galileo/index.html

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