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Marine Animals

Marine Animals. Organization of Life. Where do animals fit in?. www.nbii.gov. Phylogenetic relationship of animal phyla. Chapter 7. Phylum Porifera. Invertebrates. About 97% of animals are invertebrates. All major animal groups have representatives in the marine community.

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Marine Animals

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  1. Marine Animals

  2. Organization of Life

  3. Where do animals fit in? www.nbii.gov

  4. Phylogenetic relationship of animal phyla

  5. Chapter 7 • Phylum Porifera

  6. Invertebrates • About 97% of animals are invertebrates. • All major animal groups have representatives in the marine community. • Several animal groups are exclusively marine.

  7. Characteristics of Porifera • All sponges are sessile (non-motile and living attached) and some encrust on hard substrate. • Numerous tiny pores (ostia) exist in the body to allow water to pass through the sponge. • This water movement is required to allow sponges to filter feed (a type of suspension feeding) on plankton and dissolved organic matter in the water. • Water flow is also essential to carry metabolites (waste) away from cells and to carry gametes. • See Fig. 7.1, pg. 116.

  8. Characteristics of Porifera • Asymmetric body with no true tissues or organs. • Mostly marine • Varying size, shape, and color • Solitary or colonial • Regeneration capability • Filter feeders

  9. Types of Sponge Cells • Choanocytes (or collar cells) – • line interior canals of the body; • flagella on the choanocytes create a water current that brings more food particles into the body • “Collars” on choanocytes traps food particles. • Pinacocytes - these flattened cells cover exterior of body. • Porocytes - cells with a pore to allow water to pass into body • Amebocytes – secrete spongin and spicules

  10. Types of Sponge Cells

  11. Porifera Structural Support • Spongin - support protein • Spicules - support structures made of silica or calcium carbonate. • variety of shapes from simple rods to star-shaped (examples in Fig. 7.1, pg. 116) • Illustrations

  12. Porifera Reproduction • Asexual budding - fragmentation of a cluster of cells from original sponge can begin growth in a new area. • Sexual- sperm are released into surrounding water (broadcast spawners) to be picked up by a nearby sponge and directed to egg. (Note: gametes are produced by specialized collar cells or amebocytes, not gonads) • Most (not all) sponges are hermaphroditic

  13. Porifera Sexual Reproduction

  14. Porifera Recap • Video

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