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Douglas McGregor

Theory X. With Theory X assumptions, management's role is to coerce and control employees. People have an inherent dislike for work and will avoid it whenever possible. People must be coerced, controlled, directed, or threatened with punishment in order to get them to achieve the organizational objectives. People prefer to be directed, do not want responsibility, and have little or no ambition. People seek security above all else. .

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Douglas McGregor

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    1. Douglas McGregor In 1960, Douglas McGregor published book has same title. He examined theories on behavior of individuals at work, and he has formulated two models which he calls Theory X and Theory Y. The average human being has an inherent dislike of work and will avoid it if he can. Mr. McGreagor developed a philosophical view of humankind with his Theory X and Theory Y in 1960. These are two opposing perceptions about how people view human behavior at work and organizational life.

    2. Theory X With Theory X assumptions, management's role is to coerce and control employees. People have an inherent dislike for work and will avoid it whenever possible. People must be coerced, controlled, directed, or threatened with punishment in order to get them to achieve the organizational objectives. People prefer to be directed, do not want responsibility, and have little or no ambition. People seek security above all else.

    3. THEORY Y Part I Theory Y assumptions, management's role is to develop the potential in employees and help them to release that potential towards common goals. Work is as natural as play and rest. People will exercise self-direction if they are committed to the objectives (they are NOT lazy). Commitment to objectives is a function of the rewards associated with their achievement.

    4. THEORY Y Part II People learn to accept and seek responsibility. Creativity, ingenuity, and imagination are widely distributed among the population. People are capable of using these abilities to solve an organizational problem. People have potential.

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