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WHAT IS MASS MOVEMENT?

WHAT IS MASS MOVEMENT?. WHAT IS MASS MOVEMENT?. Downslope movement of Earth material under the influence of gravity. Downslope. Earth material (not alien!). Downslope. Earth material (not alien!). Downslope. Gravity. THE BIG PICTURE.

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WHAT IS MASS MOVEMENT?

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  1. WHAT IS MASS MOVEMENT?

  2. WHAT IS MASS MOVEMENT? Downslope movement of Earth material under the influence of gravity.

  3. Downslope

  4. Earth material (not alien!) Downslope

  5. Earth material (not alien!) Downslope Gravity

  6. THE BIG PICTURE Uplift – Creation of potential energy by forces from within the Earth

  7. THE BIG PICTURE Erosion of materials from uplands to low land by gravity and other external forces. Uplift – Creation of Potential Energy by forces from within the Earth.

  8. WHAT ARE THE TYPES OF MASS MOVEMENT? 1. Slides: 2. Flows: 3. Heaves:

  9. WHAT ARE THE TYPES OF MASS MOVEMENT? 1. Slides: 2. Flows:

  10. WHAT ARE THE TYPES OF MASS MOVEMENT? 1. Slides: 2. Flows: 3. Heaves:

  11. WHAT ARE THE TYPES OF MASS MOVEMENT? 1. Slides: All the vertical displacement occurs along a single plane. 2. Flows: 3. Heaves:

  12. WHAT ARE THE TYPES OF MASS MOVEMENT? 1. Slides:All the vertical displacement occurs along a single plane. 2. Flows: Vertical displacement occurs throughout the moving material. 3. Heaves:

  13. WHAT ARE THE TYPES OF MASS MOVEMENT? 1. Slides:All the vertical displacement occurs along a single plane. 2. Flows: Vertical displacement occurs throughout the moving material. 3. Heaves: Displacement by means of non- cancelling vertical movement of material.

  14. SLIDE Shear Toe Plane All of downslope displacement (with small exception of the “toe”) occurs along a single plane, the “shear plane”.

  15. ITALIAN DISASTER! Vajont Reservoir Mini-tsunami Dam burst

  16. October 1963 10:40 p.m. 340,000,000 cu yds 70 m.p.h. 65,000,000 cu yds water Destroyed 5 Villages 2,000 dead

  17. FLOW All of downslope displacement occurs throughout the moving body.

  18. OSO, WASHINGTON 1965 and 2006 movement scar “outside” bend of river 10 million cubic yards of earth material BEFORE AFTER

  19. Shear plane 600’. Highest point in Florida 345’, SLIDE OR FLOW? Clay/sand glacial lake deposits River Rotational Slide Flow Pre-movement land surface River http://baltimorepostexaminer.com/wp-content/uploads/Oso_landslide_WSP-630x310.png

  20. Colorado, May 2014 1 3 2 1 3 2

  21. FLOW

  22. HEAVE

  23. 1. Uplift: Perpendicular to slope.

  24. 1. Uplift: Perpendicular to slope. 2. Collapse: Vertically under the influence of gravity.

  25. 1. Uplift: Perpendicular to slope. 2. Collapse: Vertically under the influence of gravity. Resultant Vector: Downslope movement

  26. UPLIFT COLLAPSE 1. 2. 3.

  27. UPLIFT COLLAPSE 1. HEATING Ground heat flux Expansion 2. 3.

  28. UPLIFT COLLAPSE 1. HEATING COOLING Ground heat flux Expansion Nighttime Radiative cooling Contraction 2. 3.

  29. UPLIFT COLLAPSE 1. HEATING COOLING Ground heat flux Expansion Nighttime Radiative cooling Contraction 2. WETTING Clays expand when wet 3.

  30. Clay Minerals occur in sheets, or “Laminae”. Water molecules get inserted between sheets causing expansion

  31. UPLIFT COLLAPSE 1. HEATING COOLING Ground heat flux Expansion Nighttime Radiative cooling Contraction 2. WETTING DRYING Clays expand when wet Water dries and sheets Contract. 3.

  32. UPLIFT COLLAPSE 1. HEATING COOLING Ground heat flux Expansion Nighttime Radiative cooling Contraction 2. WETTING DRYING Clays expand when wet Water dries and sheets Contract. 3. FREEZING Soil water freezes and expands

  33. Like most substances the density of water increases as temperature decreases.

  34. After 4°C (39°F) strange things happen – the density decreases!!!!!

  35. Once ice forms density drops to about .917!

  36. ICE IS ABOUT 90% OF THE DENSITY OF – SO IT FLOATS IN WATER

  37. At warmer temperatures the random motions caused by heat disrupt the tendency for water molecules to align As temperatures cool the bonds between adjacent molecules dominate and water adopts a regular structure.

  38. Density = Mass / Volume Consider fixed mass of water (1 gram) in soil pore and Density of water = 1 gram /cc (cubic centimeter), then water occupies 1 cc. Temperature at night drops below 0°C (32°F), so water turns to ice, with a density of 0.92 gram/cc 0.92 = 1 gram/ Volume Volume = 1/ 0.92 = 1.09 ccs By freezing water increased the volume it occupies by about 9%

  39. Density = Mass / Volume Consider fixed mass of water (1 gram) in soil pore and Density of water = 1 gram /cc (cubic centimeter), then water occupies 1 cc. Temperature at night drops below 0°C (32°F), so water turns to ice, with a density of 0.92 gram/cc 0.92 = 1 gram/ Volume Volume = 1/ 0.92 = 1.09 ccs By freezing water increased the volume it occupies by about 9%

  40. Density = Mass / Volume Consider fixed mass of water (1 gram) in soil pore and Density of water = 1 gram /cc (cubic centimeter), then water occupies 1 cc. Temperature at night drops below 0°C (32°F), so water turns to ice, with a density of 0.92 gram/cc 0.92 = 1 gram/ Volume Volume = 1/ 0.92 = 1.09 ccs By freezing water increased the volume it occupies by about 9%

  41. Density = Mass / Volume Consider fixed mass of water (1 gram) in soil pore and Density of water = 1 gram /cc (cubic centimeter), then water occupies 1 cc. Temperature at night drops below 0°C (32°F), so water turns to ice, with a density of 0.92 gram/cc 0.92 = 1 gram/ Volume Volume = 1/ 0.92 = 1.09 cc By freezing water increased the volume it occupies by about 9%

  42. Density = Mass / Volume Consider fixed mass of water (1 gram) in soil pore and Density of water = 1 gram /cc (cubic centimeter), then water occupies 1 cc. Temperature at night drops below 0°C (32°F), so water turns to ice, with a density of 0.92 gram/cc 0.92 = 1 gram/ Volume Volume = 1/ 0.92 = 1.09 ccs By freezing water increased the volume it occupies by about 9%

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