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Week 12/13

Week 12/13. This Adventure Called Canada Building. Final Exam. April 19, Friday, 7 PM BSB 137 Snow date? Accessories – pencil, eraser Format – MC + Short Answer Content – Ch 4 , 5, 6, 8, 12+ class material. Canada Building: Challenges and Goals. Goals Challenges Accomplishments

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Week 12/13

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  1. Week 12/13 This Adventure Called Canada Building

  2. Final Exam • April 19, Friday, 7 PM • BSB 137 • Snow date? • Accessories – pencil, eraser • Format – MC + Short Answer • Content – Ch4, 5, 6, 8, 12+ class material

  3. Canada Building: Challenges and Goals • Goals • Challenges • Accomplishments • Gaps • 21st century challenges

  4. Trends in R.E.A. Relations • P 364-365 • From exclusion to inclusion - white man British Canada …..to cosmopolitan kaleidoscope* - from white male rights….to human rights - from tightly scripted ….openness, ambiguities, contested - from minorities/diversity in margins….to centre - from diversity as incompatible with good governance …. to diversity as necessary for good governance - from unitary citizenship to inclusive/customized citizenship - from modern nation-state to postmodern/postnationalnotion-state

  5. Future Trends • From monocultural to multiculturalism toward multiversalism (diversities within diversity) as governance model • The Canadian Way: Canada’s Difference Model • Rethinking Citizenship • Religion in Society • Canada as Postnational Society

  6. Canada’s Difference Model:Differential Accommodation or Accommodating Different Ways of Accommodating Differences

  7. Citizenship in Canada • 1947 Act = first in world • 85 percent become Canadian citizens • Types of Citizenship - ethnic + naturalization (ethnic vs civic nationalism) • Components of Citizenship = - legal rights (transaction) - social rights (social citizenship – belonging etc)

  8. Customizing Citizenship

  9. Human Rights Revolution • 1948 • Revolution - extended to all by virtue of being human - may supersede state sovereinty - basis of new global order - leverage for oppressed/marginalized - measuring stick for judging government actions/inactions • Recurrent debates - real vs ideal - state vs human rights - individual vs collective rights - universality?

  10. Major inclusivity challenge for 21st century • Religions Mattered • Didn’t Matter • Matters Now - heart of many conflicts - source of intl migration - source of meaning in a changing world

  11. Paradoxes of Religious Diversity in Canada • Canada = more secular yet religiously diverse • Religious diversity struggle to fit, Taken seriously/respected Expressed in public Taking into account (accommodations) • yet …. - intolerance/prejudice - ‘residue’ of Christianity in secular Canada Easter weekend – universities – office of rel free in FA * Canada = Judeo-Christianized (just as racialized/gendered)

  12. Religiosity in Canada • Religion diversity in an official MC (2017 est) - Islam (1.4 M), - Hindu, (600,000), - Sikh (500,000), - Buddhism (400 000) • 2031 - 65% Christian (75% in 2006) - 21% no religion (17%) - 14% non Christian religions (8%) * ACS study in Nov 2012 – 36% attached to religion - 61% say religion is divisive

  13. Challenges of Accommodating Religion • “Secular” Canada/ Secularization Thesis (1) decline as opiate of the masses - negative media coverage (2) separation of religion/state (2) no official religion (3) private (3) place of religion in a secular Canada? (4) Govt framing of religion as voluntary organization

  14. What should be the place of religion in Canadian Society? • Strict separation of religion/state - religion only in private realm • No separation of state and religion - an official state backed religion • All religions in public domain - helix model • One religion prevails, others accommodated - orbit model

  15. challenges Where to draw the line? Accommodation- • should Universities provide prayer space for Muslim students? Multipurpose or dedicated? • Valley Park Middle School Crisis - how much accommodation can be tolerated • Public funding of private religious schools (ontario 2007) • Balancing Freedom of religion with constitutional rights

  16. Challenge • Ontario Education Act - Boards cannot persons to conduct religious exercises - cannot provide religious instructions that includes indoctrination • TDSB - obligation to accommodate faith needs • Valley Park Middle School/mostly Muslim students - crisis of midday prayers at local mosque - solution = prayer session in cafeteria lead - crisis of gender as young girls segregated

  17. Prospect for Future • Living together with religious diversity • Freedom of religion/no religion-based discrim • Rethink Secularism to make it consistent with religious diversity • May need to rethink private/public secular/sacred

  18. Canada as Post-national Society • P 371 • From Modern Nation-state - a finished project - singularity of purpose - modernist bias - pretend pluralism • To Postmodern nations-state (+ postnationNOTION-state) - ongoing project - multiversality - taking differences serious

  19. Towards a PostNational Canada

  20. A Mindset for the 21st Century • MonoculturalMindset vs MC/MV Mindset • Singular perspective Multiple • Judgemental contingent • Rigid/inflexible flexible open • Egocentric altrucentric

  21. Is Canada Doing it Right?Multiculturalism Model

  22. Last words… • Verdict on Canada’s race, ethnic, Aboriginal relations? - not perfect - the right imperfections - least imperfect

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