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The Movement of People and Ideas

2000 BC-250 BC. The Movement of People and Ideas. Indo-Europeans Migrate. A group of nomadic people who may have come from the steppes (dry grasslands) of the Caucasus Pastoral people Many languages trace their roots to the original Indo-European language

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The Movement of People and Ideas

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  1. 2000 BC-250 BC The Movement of People and Ideas

  2. Indo-Europeans Migrate • A group of nomadic people who may have come from the steppes (dry grasslands) of the Caucasus • Pastoral people • Many languages trace their roots to the original Indo-European language • For reasons unknown, they began to migrate from the steppes to other locations across Europe and Asia.

  3. Who were the Hittites? • Group of Indo-European speakers who populated Anatolia (Modern Turkey) • Empire formed by separate city-states around 1650 BC • Dominated Southwest Asia by conquering other nations • Superior weapons, chariots, skilled ironworkers • Borrowed ideas about literature, art, politics and law from people they came into contact with. • Empire fell suddenly from outside attack

  4. Who were the Aryans? • Another Indo-European people group • Homeland in the Indus River Valley (India) • Pastoral people, who counted wealth in cows • Organized into a caste (class) system with priests at the top, followed by warriors, traders/landowners and peasants • Powerful kingdoms eventually developed, an Aryans began taking over much of the Indian subcontinent

  5. What is Hinduism? • Collection of religious beliefs that developed slowly over a long period of time • Can not be traced back to one founder with a single set of ideas

  6. What do Hindus believe? • See religion as a way of liberating the soul from the illusions, disappointments and mistakes that exist everyday • Reincarnation-Being born over and over again until moksha (perfect understanding) is achieved • Religion and caste go hand in hand • Karma-Good and bad deeds follow from one reincarnation to the next • Influences caste, health, poverty, etc.

  7. How has Hinduism changed? • Original god was Brahman (trinity-creator, protector, destroyer) • His importance gradually faded and Mother Goddess grew in importance • Hindus are free to choose the deity they worship, or none at all

  8. What is Buddhism? • Founded by Siddhartha Gautama • Saw suffering in world and realized that only religion offered refuge from suffering • Spent his life in search of religious truth and an end to life’s suffering. • Sought enlightenment and wisdom • Fasted, eating only six grains of rice a day • Meditated for 49 days • Achieved enlightenment and became known as Buddha

  9. What do Buddhists believe? • Four Nobel Truths: • Life is filled with suffering and sorrow • The cause of all suffering is people’s selfish desire for the temporary pleasures of the world • The way to end all suffering is to end all desires • The way to overcome such desires is to attain enlightenment and follow the Eight-Fold Path

  10. What is the Eight-Fold Path? • A way to achieve nirvana-releases from selfishness and pain • May be achieved over many lives • Path • Right views • Right resolve • Right speech • Right conduct • Right livelihood • Right effort • Right mindfulness • Right concentration

  11. How did Buddhism grow? • Welcomed people from all castes • Also accepted women • Missionaries spread religion along trade routes to China • Main religion in China today, even though start was in India

  12. What is Judaism? • Religion of the ancient Hebrew people • We learn their history of the first five books of the Bible(Torah) • In this section of the Bible, Yahweh, or God chose Abraham to be the “father” of the Hebrew people • The Hebrews were monotheistic or believed in one God • God looked after the Hebrews because Abraham had promised to obey him when he made a covenant with God

  13. Moses and the Exodus • Hebrews migrated from Egypt because of drought and slavery • Hebrews fled Egypt in an event called the Exodus • Remembered yearly by the Passover • God chose Moses to lead the Hebrews from Egypt

  14. What are the Ten Commandments? • New covenant between the Hebrews and God • God would protect people, if they would obey the commandments

  15. What happened to the early Kingdom of Israel? • Divided because of discontent under Solomon’s rule • Conquered by outside forces • Babylonians, led by Nebuchadnezzar, captured Jerusalem

  16. Where did the Hebrews establish their Kingdom? • Hebrews divided into tribes, eventually the only major tribe left was the Tribe of Judah, or the Jews • United under the Kingdoms of Saul, David and Solomon • New Kingdom was called Israel

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