Al- Fiqh Al- Muyassar

1. Al-Fiqh Al-Muyassar Book of Zakat

2. Wisdom of Ordering Zakat • Purify wealth, enhance its growth, increase its blessing and block its harm. • Cleanse the wealthy one of greed and train him/her in giving others for Allah’s sake. • Meeting the needs of the poor. • Redistribution of wealth, bringing society together and avoiding “class” conflict. • Gratitude to Allah for his favors & obedience

3. Wisdom of Zakat - Continued • Shows the existence of belief in the giver – that they are willing to give up something beloved for the sake of One more Beloved. • A cause of Allah’s pleasure, his increasing bounties, forgiving of sins and blessings upon society.

4. Conditions of Its Obligation • Islam • قُلْ أَنْفِقُوا طَوْعًا أَوْ كَرْهًا لَنْ يُتَقَبَّلَ مِنْكُمْ إِنَّكُمْ كُنْتُمْ قَوْمًا فَاسِقِينَ (53) وَمَا مَنَعَهُمْ أَنْ تُقْبَلَ مِنْهُمْ نَفَقَاتُهُمْ إِلَّا أَنَّهُمْ كَفَرُوا بِاللَّهِ وَبِرَسُولِهِ وَلَا يَأْتُونَ الصَّلَاةَ إِلَّا وَهُمْ كُسَالَى وَلَا يُنْفِقُونَ إِلَّا وَهُمْ كَارِهُونَ (54) التوبة • Freedom • Owning nisaab • ( ليس فيما دون خمس أواق صدقة وليس فيما دون خمس ذود صدقة وليس فيما دون خمس أوسق صدقة ) البخاري

5. Conditions of Obligation – Cont’d • Owning it for the entire year (except crops and minerals) • ( لا زكاة في مال حتى يحول عليه الحول ) صحيح • Crops at harvest, minerals/treasure upon extraction • ... كُلُوا مِنْ ثَمَرِهِ إِذَا أَثْمَرَ وَآَتُوا حَقَّهُ يَوْمَ حَصَادِهِ وَلَا تُسْرِفُوا إِنَّهُ لَا يُحِبُّ الْمُسْرِفِينَ (141) الأنعام

6. Other Issues • Types of zakat • Zakat of wealth (all of the above) • Zakat of “heads” (zakat al-fitr) • Zakat on debts (owed to you) • Various opinions • Not sure of collecting: pay zakat of one year in the year you collect. • Certain of collecting: pay zakat each year even before receiving it

7. Zakat of Money • Zakat is due on gold and silver by text and on all currencies by analogy. • Hadith in Muslim describe the punishment of one who hoards money and doesn’t render its “right”. • Consensus of the scholars that the zakat of 200 dirhams is 5 dirhams and that likewise 2.5% is due on gold if it reaches that value. • Various hadith establish this.

8. Conditions (Money) • Nisaab • 20 dinars of gold • 200 dirhams (5 ounces) of silver • The least of the two (best) for other currencies. • Remaining general conditions: Islam, freedom, complete ownership, full year ownership, etc. • Gold and silver not to be combined according to most. • Currencies should be combined per silver.

9. Zakat Other Issues • Zakat of jewelry • If for savings or business – due by agreement • If for wearing and lending – two opinions • Merchandise • Advocated by most scholars • No sound evidence

10. Zakat of Grains & Fruits • Due when the grain is firm or the fruit begins its final appearance and is edible. • Given at the time of harvest • All items measured by volume and stored for long periods • Not on other products like fresh vegetables • Nisaab is 5 awsuq, approximately 620 kg. • Must be wholly owned at the due time

11. Grains & Fruits • Amount due: 5% irrigated, 10% naturally watered. • «فِيمَا سَقَتِ السَّمَاءُ وَالأَنْهَارُ وَالْعُيُونُ أَوْ كَانَ بَعْلاً الْعُشْرُ وَفِيمَا سُقِىَ بِالسَّوَانِى أَوِ النَّضْحِ نِصْفُ الْعُشْرِ» البخاري • Honey: Like merchandise many scholars held there is, but there is no sound daleel and the original situation is nothing due. • Mineral exploitation: 20% due to the Ummah.