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Current status and developments of the ISON optical network

Russian Academy of Sciences Keldysh Institute of Applied Mathematics. Current status and developments of the ISON optical network. Igor Molotov , Vladimir Agapov. Sixth European Conference on Space Debris 22 - 25 April 2013, ESA/ESOC, Darmstadt, Germany.

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Current status and developments of the ISON optical network

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  1. Russian Academy of Sciences Keldysh Institute of Applied Mathematics Current status and developments of the ISON optical network Igor Molotov, Vladimir Agapov Sixth European Conference on Space Debris 22 - 25 April 2013, ESA/ESOC, Darmstadt, Germany

  2. International Scientific Optical Network (ISON) • ISON is an open international non-government project developed to be an independent source of data about space objects for scientific analysis and SSA • Additional scientific goals – asteroids and GRB afterglows • ISON joins 33 observation facilities of various affiliation with 60 telescopes in 14 countries that produced already about 15 millions measurements on 3500 objects • Keldysh Institute of Applied Mathematics of the Russian Academy of Sciences (KIAM) maintains 35% more complete GEO-object database than public TLE data and provides conjunction analysis for Roscosmos GEO satellites • ISON uses standard software for telescope control and CCD image processing

  3. ISON Research Goals in Space Debris Area • Estimation of real population of space debris at higher geocentric orbits • Determination of physical properties of discovered space debris objects • Determination of probable sources of newly discovering space debris fragments • Verification of existing models of space debris distribution and evolution at higher orbits • Higher orbit space debris risk assessment • Improvement of technologies of studying of space debris population using optical instruments • Improvement of motion models for space debris objects with complex physical properties

  4. Map of ISON observatories

  5. ISON structure • 5 telescope subsets • - global GEO survey (down to 15.5m) • - tracking of the faint (fainter than 15.5m) space debris at GEO and GTO - tracking of bright GEO and HEO objects • - HEO survey and extended GEO survey • - asteroids researches • 3 network operation supporting groups: • optical telescope and mount design & production • observatory software elaboration • observation planning and data processing

  6. Global GEO survey subsystem: 8 of 22 cm, 4 of 25 cm and 1 of 50 cm telescopes with FOV of 3.5- 5.5 degree

  7. Planning of GEO survey observations: a few strips covering selected declination range Distribution of the catalogued GEO objects in right ascension – declination plane

  8. Global GEO survey subsystem: • 12 small survey automated telescopes across the globe + one 50-cm telescope near Barcelona • centralized scheduling at KIAM • each telescope is surveying visible part of GEO and provides a few thousands measurements for a few hundreds objects per night • duration of tracks is varying between 15 and 40 minutes • these surveys produce measurements for all bright GEO-objects supporting the maintenance of KIAM database • many uncatalogued fragments and objects of new GEO launches are detecting • many HEO objects are detecting as background ones

  9. Subsystem for faint debris tracking:AT-64 Nauchny-1, RC-800 Mayaki, S-600 Andrushivka, AZT-8 Gissar, AZT-14 Mondy, Zeiss-600 Arkhyz, ORI-40 in Kitab, ORI-40 in Khuraltogot

  10. Adjustment of faint fragment survey • Installation of CCD camera with 50-mm chip at 50-cm ORI-50 telescope resulted in 2.5x2.5 deg FOV and provided ability to cover fields with the highest density of known fragment trajectories • Ussuriysk ORI-50 participated in discovering of about 200 non-catalogued objects during 2011

  11. Subsystem for tracking of bright GEO and HEO objects: GAS-250 in Ussuriysk, BNC-250 in Uzhgorod, Sajen-TM in Arkhyz, ORI-25 in Blagoveschensk, ORI-25 in Tiraspol, ORI-25 in Kislovodsk, PH-1 n Nauchniy-1, AZT-28 in Priozersk, TAL-250 in Barnaul

  12. HEO survey(Nauchniy-1 and Kislovodsk) and extended GEO survey (Khuraltogot, Sanglokh,Kislovodsk and Nauchniy-1) consist of telescopes with FOV of 7 degree

  13. Planning of extended GEO survey observations: many strips selects providing more frequent passes of GEO during night Distribution of the catalogued GEO objects in right ascension – declination plane

  14. Extended GEO surveys • four 18-19.2 cm automated survey telescopes with FOV of 7x7 degree • centralized scheduling at KIAM • each telescope is surveying visible part of GEO and provides up to 15 thousands measurements for 500 - 700 objects per night • duration of object tracks is up to a few hours • these surveys allows to KIAM to determine more precise GEO orbits for conjunction analysis, to detect maneuvers of active satellites and to help maintain the orbits of GEO objects in clusters • many HEO objects are detecting as background ones

  15. Extended GEO surveys. Measurement arc length.Sanglok VT-78e.

  16. Growing amount of measurementscollected by ISON, 2003 – 2012

  17. ISON Database of HEO, MEO and GEO objects As of Feb 1, 2013 the ISON database contains information for more than 3200 HEO, MEO and GEO objects with orbits updating using ISON optical measurements 897 of these objects are newly discovered during 10 years of ISON work 270 HEO and GEO space debris objects are discovered in 2012 (compare to 168 ones discovered in 2011 and 61 – in 2010).

  18. HEO, MEO and GEO Objects in ISON Database Objects associated with Molniya-type orbit launches Objects associated with GTO launches Objects originated in GEO

  19. Distribution of observing GEO objects by period and inclination

  20. Discovered fragments

  21. GEO space debris population • Surprisingly, number of discoveries of relatively bright GEO debris objects (brighter than 16 magnitude) continues to grow. Every month, about 10 such new debris objects are being discovered • Many of newly discovered GEO space debris are crossing or permanently staying in the GEO protected region and increase threat to operational spacecrafts. It is important to discover as many such debris as possible and understand the sources from which they are originating • It is expected that at least several hundreds more of GEO space debris brighter than 17magnitude (which corresponds to 40-50 cm size exist in the GEO region. Number of fainter (and thus smaller) objects is not yet estimated correctly

  22. Six dedicated mini-observatories for space debris observations under grant of Roscosmos • Six dedicated observation facilities with 3 telescopes in each (four EOP-1: 40-cm, 25 cm and 2x19.2 cm and two EOP-2: 65-cm, 40-cm and 4x19.2 cm) • Two separate telescopes – 50-cm and 65-cm • Modernization of 2.6-m and 1-m Schmidt telescope of Buryakan observatory in Armenia • Designing of 0.8 m and 1.6-m telescopes • KIAM expeditions visited Argentina, Armenia, Brazil, Bulgaria, Far East of Russia, Italy, Mexico, Central Asia, Mongolia, North Caucasus, Venezuela to select places for new observation facilities installation

  23. Observatory ISON-Kislovodsk, North Caucasus

  24. Dedicated mini-observatory EOP-2: 65-cm, 40-cm and 4x19.2 cm telescopes

  25. Planning locations of mini-observatories EOP-1/EOP-2

  26. Forms of collaboration with ISON • Joint observation campaigns to exchange the obtained results • Installation of ISON telescopes to share the data • Modernization of non-operational obsolete telescopes • Production of telescope under scientific grants for future joint observations • Service on provision of orbital data • Serviceon conjunction analysis • Participation at UN supported ISON conferences

  27. Conclusion • First international network for high near-Earth orbits monitoring was created • ISON network collects on a routine basis measurements for more than 1800 objects in GEO region and more than 1400 objects at HEO orbits • Unique KIAM database (about 15 millions of measurements) is using for scientific analysis and applied tasks, including spaceflight safety support • Development of ISON continues and everyone is welcome to participate

  28. ISON web site: www.astronomer.ru

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