Day 153: The Stalemated 70s

1. Day 153: The Stalemated 70s Baltimore Polytechnic Institute April 29, 2014 A.P. U.S. History Mr. Green

2. The Stalemated 70s Objectives: Indicate how America reacted to Pearl Harbor and prepared to wage war against both Germany and Japan. Describe the mobilization of the American economy for war and the mobilization of manpower and womanpower for both the military and wartime production. Describe the war’s effects on American society, including regional migration, race relations, and women’s roles. Explain the early Japanese successes in East Asia and the Pacific, and the American strategy for countering them. AP Focus Early in the war, Germany, Japan, and Italy have considerable military success. The Allies, except for France, which had surrendered in 1940, are fortunate not to be overwhelmed completely. Fearing that they will be disloyal, President Roosevelt orders the detention of Japanese Americans, a serious violation of basic American civil rights.

3. Chapter Focus Chapter Themes Unified by Pearl Harbor, America effectively carried out a war mobilization effort that produced vast social and economic changes within American society. Following its “get Hitler first” strategy, the United States and its Allies invaded and liberated conquered Europe from Fascist rule. The slower strategy of island-hopping against Japan also proceeded successfully until the atomic bomb brought a sudden end to World War II.

4. Vietnam Vexations Many countries expelled American Peace Corps volunteers Charles de Gaulle withdrew from NATO in 1966 wanted all American troops out of France Israel attacked by Egypt, Jordan and Syria Israel won the 6-day war June 1967 Sinai Peninsula, Golan Heights, Gaza Strip and the West Bank William Fulbright lead hearings on Vietnam “credibility gap” aim of the war cabinet members pushed out LBJ utilized the CIA to spy on domestic antiwar activists encouraged the FBI as well

5. Vietnam Topples Johnson Tet Offensive-late January 1968 Opposition grew LBJ suffering through agony Military requested 200,000 more troops Eugene McCarthy won 41.4% in the New Hampshire March primary, second to LBJ RFK entered the 1968 race March 31, 1968-LBJ would not run, freeze troop levels, and scale back the bombing

6. 1968 Election RFK assassinated on June 5, 1968 Chicago Riots at the Democratic convention in August of 1968 Hubert H. Humphrey won the nomination for the Democrats Republicans nominate Richard M. Nixon MD governor Spiro T. Agnew 3rd party-American Independent Party George Wallace of AL Curtis LeMay-former Air force general bombing them back to the Stone Age 301 for Nixon-31,785,480 191 for Humphrey-31,275,166 46 for Wallace-9,906,473

7. Sources of Stagnation-Ch. 39 What caused the sudden slump in productivity? Women and teenagers less likely to take full time jobs with skills Declining investment in new machinery Heavy costs of compliance with safety/health regulations Shift from manufacturing to service Vietnam Great Society funding

8. Nixon “Vietnamizes” the War Vietnamization withdraw the 540,000 troops in South Vietnam over an extended time period South Vietnam would then take over Nixon Doctrine US keep defense commitments but Asians and others would have to fight on their own Wanted to win by other means-Limit loss of life Nixon appealed to the Silent Majority Draft exempted college students/men with critical civilian skills-Who was left to fight? My Lai Massacre revelation in 1970

9. Cambodianizing the Vietnam War North Vietnamese and the Viet Cong used Cambodia for troop/supply lines Supposed to be neutral U.S. bombed them on April 29, 1970 Kent State incident Withdrew on June 29, 1970 from Cambodia Hawks and doves battled Senate repealed Gulf of Tonkin resolution Gov’t reduced draft calls/shortened duty time 26th amendment-1971 Pentagon Papers-June 1971 detailed blunders and deception of Kennedy and Johnson

10. Nixon’s Détente with Beijing and Moscow Relaxed Tension Nixon was able to play off the Chinese and the Russians China and U.S. would normalize relations This caused concern for Russia US sold food to Russia

11. New Team on the Supreme Court The Warren Court increased rights for the accused and impacted sexual freedom, practice of religion, civil rights, and the structure of political representation 1969-Senate confirms Warren Burger as Chief Justice Even though justices seemed to be “strict constructionists”, the court ruled to legalize abortions in Roe v. Wade (1973)

12. Nixon on the Homefront Presided over significant expansion of the welfare programs-Who was in charge of Domestic Policy? President or Congress? SSI, indexing SS benefits Philadelphia Plan-set-a-sides for minority subcontractors EPA Earth Day-April 22, 1970 Clean Air Act 1970, Endangered Special Act of 1973 OSHA 1970 CPSC-Consumer Product Safety Commission Nixon took U.S. off gold standard-devalue the dollar Implemented Southern Strategy to gain solid majority in 1972

13. Nixon Landslide of 1972 Foreign policy dominated election, not domestic North Vietnam with foreign help smashed through the DMZ Nixon retaliated with bombing Hanoi, and contact mines in the harbor of N. Vietnam Anti-war George McGovern became democratic nominee Kissinger and Nixon announced peace at hand 12 days before election Nixon won 520-17 Peace on January 23, 1973-peace with honor

14. Secret Bombing of Cambodia/War Powers Act March 1969 to July 1973, Airforce secretly bombing North Vietnam positions in Cambodia Nixon continued bombing to help rightist Cambodian government-led to Pol Pot War Powers Act-1973 President to report in 48 hours after committing troops to a foreign conflict 60 day limit unless Congress extended it for 30 more days Draft ended in 1973

15. Arab Oil Embargo/Energy Crisis Israel attacked by Egypt and Syria to reclaim lost land Nixon placed nukes on alert and ordered airlift to Israel Israel won with help from U.S. Late October 1973 OPEC nations embargoed oil shipment to the U.S. and several European allies supporting Israel Speed down to 55 and Alaska pipeline Demonstrated U.S. dependence on foreign oil Cheap oil over and upsets U.S. balance of trade

16. Watergate and the Unmaking of a President June 17, 1972-5 men arrested in the Watergate apartment-office complex they worked for CREEP VP Agnew resigned in October 1973 for taking bribes as MD governor and VP Ford appointed as VP Senate investigated Watergate in 1973-1974 Nixon denied White house officials testified and revealed a secret taping system October 20, 1973 Nixon fired the special prosecutor Supreme Court on July 24, 1974 ordered Nixon to release the tapes Tapes revealed he tried to cover-up the scandal Nixon resigned on August 8, 1974

17. 1st unelected President Ford took over and pardoned Nixon Wanted to enhance détente April 29, 1975 South Vietnam fell to the North Vietnam communists Ford let in 140,000, then about 500,000 later on

18. Feminist Victories and Defeats Roe v. Wade-constitutional right to privacy Equal Rights Amendment-defeated

19. 1976 Election Dems nominate Jimmy Carter Republicans nominate Jerry Ford Carter won 297-240 with majorities in both houses Carter supported human rights Camp David Accords in September 1978 Full diplomatic relations with China in early 1979 Gave back Panama Canal on 12/31/99 July 15, 1979 malaise speech Salt II-Carter Brezhnev Limiting strategic weapons in USSR and US arsenal Iranian Hostage crisis

20. Classwork Identify and state the outcome of the Supreme Court Cases on pages 1020-1021 Milliken v. Bradley Bakke United States v. Wheeler

21. Classwork Identify the purpose, goal and outcome of each of the following treaties on page 1007: 1. Anti-Ballistic Treaty (ABM) 2. Strategic Arms Limitation Talks (SALT) Explain Nixon’s position on Chile and the role of the Central Intelligence Agency Identify and state the outcome of the Supreme Court Cases on pages 1007-1008

22. Class Discussion 1. Begin 1960’s chart 2.

23. Homework Read Chapter 39 Prepare for 5 question reading check on Thursday Focus Questions due for chapters 36/37