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STARTER. If the chain moves at 1 m/s and the radius of the rear gear is 8cm, what is the angular speed of the rear gear in rad/s ? . STARTER. Consider two points, A and B, on a spinning disc . 1. Which point goes through the greatest distance in 1 revolution?

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  1. STARTER If the chain moves at 1 m/s and the radius of the rear gear is 8cm, what is the angular speed of the rear gear in rad/s ?

  2. STARTER Consider two points, A and B, on a spinning disc. 1. Which point goes through the greatest distance in 1 revolution? 2. Which point goes through the most degrees in 1 revolution? 3. Which point has the greatest velocity? 4. Which point has the greatest angular speed? ( r.p.m.’s)

  3. Practice: Circular Motion

  4. RADIAN MEASURE q = 1 radian when s = r s = rq This is true when q is measured in radians. 180 degrees = p radians 1 radian = 57.3 degrees 1 revolution = 2p radians

  5. Example: Convert the following: 1. 45 degrees = ________radians 2. 1.5 radians = _________ degrees 3. .8 revolutions = ________ radians 1. 45 degrees (p rad / 180 degrees) = .785 radians 2. 1.5 radians ( 180 degrees / p radians ) = 85.9 degrees .8rev ( 2 p rad / rev) = 5.03 rads

  6. Angular Velocity w Angular velocity is how many radians per second an object moves through. w = Dq / Dt (rad/s) Example: A disc spins through 2 revolutions in 3 seconds. What is the angular velocity of the disc in radians/second? Solution : Dq = 2 rev ( 2p rads / 1 rev) = 4p rads = 12.6 rads so w = Dq / Dt = 12.6rads/3 sec = 4.12 rads/sec

  7. Tangential Velocity v A point on a disc rotating with an angular velocity w, has a tangential velocity in m/s. The velocity of the point depends on how far it is from the center, in fact: v = wr Example: A disc spins through 2 revolutions in 3 seconds. What is the velocity of a point 10cm from the disc’s center? Solution : v = wr = (4.12 rads/sec )(.10m) = .412 m/s

  8. Angular (w) and Tangential Velocity (v) v = wr For a rotating object, all points have the same w, but different tangential velocities.

  9. Angular Acceleration a If the angular speed changes with time, there will be an angular acceleration, a. a = Dw /Dt (rad/s2 ) Example: A disc spinning at 10rad/s, slows to 5 rad/s in 2 seconds. What is the angular acceleration? Solution : a = Dw/Dt = ( 5 - 10) / 2 = -2.50 rad/s2

  10. Centripetal Acceleration ac If an object is moving in a circle, it has an acceleration that points to the center of the circle, called the centripetal acceleration, ac. ac = v2/r= w2r Example: A disc spins at 12 rad/s. What is the centripetal acceleration of a point 10cm from the disc’s center? Solution : a = w2r = (12)2(.10) = 14.4 m/s2

  11. Summary w = Dq / Dt Angular Velocity Tangential Velocity Angular acceleration Centripetal Acceleration v = wr a = Dw /Dt • ac = v2/r= w2r

  12. EXIT Two children are on a rotating carnival ride. Write a short paragraph comparing the angular velocity and the tangential velocities of each child.

  13. All The Vectors for Rotation Tangential Velocity ( always there ) Centripetal Acceleration ( always there) Tangential Acceleration ( only there if its speeding up or slowing down) Total Acceleration ( the vector sum of at and ac )

  14. Four Kinematic Equations for Constant Angular Acceleration 1. wf = wi + at 3. wf2 = wi 2+2a (qf –qi) 2. qf = qi + (t/2)(wi +wf) 4. qf = qi + wit + (1/2) at2

  15. How To Use Them 1st List the possible unknowns qf = wf = a = qi = wi = t = 2nd Read the problem and fill in all you can ( usually 4 ) 3rd Choose a kinematic equation with just one unknown in it.

  16. Example A motor starts from rest and accelerates to 40 rad/s in 10 seconds. qf = ? wf = 40 a = ? qi = 0 wi = 0 t = 10 What is the angular acceleration? How many radians does the motor turn through?

  17. To get a, you need an equation with a in it, but without qf. Which one is it? 1. wf = wi + at 40 = 0 + 10a or a = 4.00 rad/s2

  18. To get qf you have a choice.Using 2., qf = qi + (t/2)(wi +wf) qf = 0 + (10/2)(0 +40) = 5(40) = 200rads

  19. Application: Circular Motion Problem Set

  20. EXIT :4 Minute Writing Carefully describe the difference between angular velocity and tangential velocity. Then consider two different points on a spinning fan blade ( point A is closer to the center of the blade and point B is near the outer edge). Compare their tangentail and angular velocities.

  21. Connection An audio CD head reads the information from the disc at a constant rate. This means that the tangential velocity of the disc where the read head is must be constant. This means that as the read head moves closer to the center of the disc, V = wr = constant. So as r gets smaller, what must happen to w? Explain.

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