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Sexual versus Asexual Reproduction

Sexual versus Asexual Reproduction. Definitions: - Diversity in offspring > def. – Diversity - the relative uniqueness of each individual in the population - offspring less likely to have mutations show up > def. – Mutation – changes in DNA. ~ Body Plans ~.

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Sexual versus Asexual Reproduction

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  1. Sexual versus Asexual Reproduction

  2. Definitions: - Diversity in offspring > def. – Diversity - the relative uniqueness of each individual in the population - offspring less likely to have mutations show up > def. – Mutation – changes in DNA

  3. ~Body Plans ~ • Animals that are irregular in shape or have no shape are asymmetrical. • Animals that are regular in shape are symmetrical.

  4. ~ Body Plans ~ • An animal has radial symmetry if it can be divided along any plane, through a central axis, into equal halves. (like a pizza) • An animal has bilateral symmetry if it can be divided down its length into similar right and left halves forming mirror images of each other. (like humans)

  5. Which figure has bilateral symmetry? Which has radial symmetry?

  6. ~Invertebrates~ • 8 main phyla • No backbones • 95% of all animals are in this group

  7. Invertebrates

  8. Invertebrates (cont’d)

  9. Invertebrates (cont’d)

  10. Porifera - Simplest animals - can regenerate body parts Reproduction: ASEXUAL (Video)

  11. ~Invertebrate Phylum Porifera~ • Examples: Tube Sponge, Glass Sponge, Sea Sponge

  12. Cnidarians • 2 basic body shapes • Examples: Jellyfish/Hydra medusa (Ex. Jellyfish) & polyp (ex: Hydra) - Reproduction: Asexual

  13. Sexual versus Asexual Reproduction

  14. ~Invertebrate Phylum Cnidaria~ • 2 different shapes • Medusa - like a jellyfish • Polyp - like a hydra

  15. ~Invertebrate Phylum Cnidaria~ • Examples - Jellyfish, Hydra, sea anemones, and corals

  16. Platyhelminthes • Can regenerate • some are parasites Examples: Planaria*, Flukes, Flatworms Reproduction: Sexual or Asexual

  17. ~Invertebrate Phylum Platyhelminthes ~ • Examples: Planaria • eyespots detect light • food and waste go in and out the same opening

  18. ~Invertebrate Phylum Platyhelminthes ~ • Examples: Tapeworm • Parasite that lives in intestines of host absorbing food

  19. ~Invertebrate Phylum Platyhelminthes ~ • Examples: Fluke • parasite • lives inside of host

  20. ~Invertebrate Phylum Cnidaria~ • 2 different shapes • Medusa - like a jellyfish • Polyp - like a hydra

  21. ~Invertebrate Phylum Cnidaria~ • Examples - Jellyfish, Hydra, sea anemones, and corals

  22. Nematodes • Most are parasites • Examples: Pinworms, Hookworms • Reproduction: Sexual

  23. ~Invertebrate Phylum Nematoda ~ • Examples: • Hookworm • Trichinella

  24. Nematodes

  25. Mollusks - Broad Muscular foot - Layer of tissue called mantle - Have shells - Group includes: gastropods bivalves & cephalopods - Gills - Examples: Complex ganglia,Snails, Slugs, Clams, Oysters, Squids, Octopuses - Reproduction: SEXUAL

  26. ~Invertebrate Phylum Mollusca ~ Class Gastropoda • snails and slugs • may have 1 shell • stomach-footed - move on stomach

  27. ~Invertebrate Phylum Nematoda ~ • Examples: • Hookworm • Trichinella

  28. Annelids • Closed Circulatory System • Skin • Examples: Earthworm, Bristle Worm, Leeches • Reproduction: SEXUAL or ASEXUAL

  29. ~Invertebrate Phylum Annelida ~ • Class Earthworms • eat soil and breakdown organic matter, wastes provide nutrients to soil

  30. ~Invertebrate Phylum Annelida ~ • Class bristleworms

  31. ~Invertebrate Phylum Annelida ~ • Class leeches • parasites that feed on blood of other animals

  32. ~Invertebrate Phylum Mollusca ~ Class Bivalves • 2 shells hinged together • clams, oysters, scallops and mussels

  33. Echinoderms • Endoskeleton • covered with spines • use Tube Feet to obtain oxygen • Examples: starfish, sea urchin, • sand dollar • Reproduction: Asexual

  34. ~Invertebrate Phylum Echinodermata ~ • Examples: seastar, sea urchin, sand dollar and sea cucumber

  35. Arthropods -- Jointed Legs -- Segmented Body parts -- Exoskeleton -- Head and well-developed brain - Reproduction: SEXUAL

  36. ~Invertebrate Phylum Arthropoda • Class Pycnogonida • Sea spider

  37. ~Chordata (Vertebrates)~ • 1 main phylum • Have backbones, and once had a notochord • 5% of all animals are in this phylum 5 classes • Fish • Mammals • Reptiles • Amphibians • Birds

  38. Levels of Organization

  39. ATOMS • Smallest part of matter • NON-living

  40. Molecules • 2 or more bonded atoms • Form compounds • NON-living

  41. Macromolecule • Very large molecules • Proteins, fats, carbohydrates, nucleic acids • NON-living

  42. Organelles • “Tiny organs” • Made of macromolecules

  43. Cell • Made of organelles • Basic unit of structure & function • LIVING

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