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Overview of the Nervous System: Structure and Function of CNS and PNS

The nervous system is divided into two primary parts: the Central Nervous System (CNS) and the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS). The CNS consists of the brain and spinal cord, while the PNS includes sensory and motor nerves. Key components of the brain include the cerebrum, which coordinates thinking, learning, and memory; the cerebellum, which manages muscle coordination and movement; and the brain stem, which regulates vital functions like heartbeat and breathing. The spinal cord acts as a communication pathway between the brain and body, while the PNS controls both voluntary and involuntary actions.

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Overview of the Nervous System: Structure and Function of CNS and PNS

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    1. Nervous System Overview

    2. Divided into Two Parts: Central (CNS) Peripheral (PNS)

    3. Central Nervous System Brain Spinal cord

    5. Brain Cerebrum Cerebellum Brain stem

    6. Cerebrum Cerebral Cortex Coordinates Thinking and learning Creativity Five senses Memory and emotion Problem-solving Decisions

    8. Hippocampus Stores and processes memories   Helps find memories Affects emotions

    9. Cerebellum Coordinates Most muscles Movement Learned skills

    10. Cerebellum Receives messages from most of the muscles in your body Communicates with the other parts of the brain Sends messages about movement and balance back to your body

    11. Brain Stem Coordinates Heartbeat Breathing Digestion Swallowing Blinking

    12. Spinal Cord Bundle of nerves that carries messages between the brain and the rest of the body. Long tube of nerve tissue running from the brain down the length of the back inside of the spine

    15. Peripheral Nervous System Somatic NS Sensory nerves Motor nerves Messages between brain and body CONTROLS VOLUNTARY MUSCLES Autonomic NS Controls organs and some muscles CONTROLS INVOLUNTARY MUSCLES

    16. Neurons Nerve Cells Parts Soma Dendrites Axon Carry messages Called impulses

    17. Synapse Small space across which an impulse moves from an axon to the dendrites or cell body of another neuron

    19. Stimulus-Response Stimulus (stimuli) Anything that the body can react or respond to May be internal or external Response – the reaction to stimuli

    24. Diversity of Nervous Systems

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