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Learn how stress, poor sleep, and diet affect brain coherence and lead to violent behavior. Discover the key biological processes and neuroimaging studies associated with criminal actions. Find out about techniques like Transcendental Meditation to develop mental stability and stop the vicious cycle of stress and violence.
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Preventing Crime
Alarik Arenander, Ph.D. Brain Research Institute ebrainmatrix@aol.com www.brainresearchinstitute.org
Experience Genes YOU!
Prefrontal Cortex CEO OF EVERYONE
Alertness • Values • Motivation • Creativity • Decisions • Self-control
CEO Brain Coherence Key to Our Development
Stress • Poor sleep • Poor diet • No exercise • Drugs • Trauma CEO ‘Off-line’
Coping with Stress D. Amen etal, Amen Clinics
Stress turns us OFF! More anxiety & fear
Normal Meth Barry Carlton, Dept of Psychiatry, University of Hi at Manoa, 2003
Violence & Brain Three Key Biological Processes • Low resting heart rate • Prefrontal deficits • Early health factors Raine, J Child Psychol Psychiatry 43:417, 2002
Prefrontal Dysfunction & Antisocial- Aggressive Behavior
Fearless, stimulation-seeking temperament • PFC: structure & function deficits Raine, J Child Psychol Psychiatry 43:417, 2002
Violence & Brain Neuroimaging Studies • CAT (15) • MRI (7) • SPECT (3) • PET (10)
normal violent Daniel Amen, Amen Clinics
Violence & Brain • Abnormal hippocampal-prefrontal circuitry • Affect dysregulation, poor contextual fear conditioning, and insensitivity to cues predicting capture Raine Biol Psychiat 55:185, 2004
PFC & Criminals • Struct: 11% less PFC • Stressor: Reduced ANS Raine, Arch Gen Psychiatry 57:19, 2000
OFC & Violence Normal Murderer Raine, Neuropsychiat Neuropsych Beh Neurol 11:1, 1998
PFC NAc Hipp OFC Amyg DA Criminal Brain InhibitoryControl Reward Motivation Drive Memory/ Learning
Dopamine involved in choosing optimal actions based on motivation TINS 26:423, 2003
Crime & Dopamine • Compulsive Drug use • Withdrawal & Relapse • Insensitive to natural rewards • Loss of behavioral control J Clin Invest 111:1444, 2003
Stress & Violence Vicious Cycle Kruk & Meelis, Behav Neurosci 118, 2004
Stress & drugs… …lead to dysfunction & irrational, violent behavior
Technique Experience Brain Effect Benefit
Transcendental Meditation • Time-tested • Extensively researched • Simple, reliable
Developing Integration TM Orderly thinking, feeling & behavior Increased Order
Concept Learning Moral Reasoning Emotional Stability Creativity Decreased Neuroticism Inner Orientation Self- Development Intelligence Decreased Anxiety Computational Efficiency Neuromuscular Efficiency Self- Awareness Academic Performance CEO Brainwave Coherence
TM is the most effective, research-based corrections program
Invincibility Brain Coherence
Field Effect of Consciousness Reduction in Metropolitan Violence
Successful IndividualsCreative, Decisive, Productive, Ethical, Happy, Healthy Creative Potential CEO Coherence TM Practice
A fast, mutual, positive feedback loop between stress hormones and a brain-based aggression-control center Kruk & Meelis, Behav Neurosci 118, 2004
Under stress, humans are so quick to lash out and find it hard to cool down Kruk & Meelis, Behav Neurosci 118, 2004
Stress hormone-enhanced aggressive behavior escalates easily and is difficult to stop once it has started Kruk & Meelis, Behav Neurosci 118, 2004
When stress hormones spike for reasons not related to fighting, they may lower attack thresholds enough to precipitate violent behavior Kruk & Meelis, Behav Neurosci 118, 2004
The hormonal stress response that accompanies conflict may cancel out the effect of therapies intended to reduce violent behavior Kruk & Meelis, Behav Neurosci 118, 2004