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PLANT DISEASE CONTROL

PLANT DISEASE CONTROL. Dr. Hadiwiyono. MK. : Plant Protection Class : International Class Semester : Odd Semester 2012. HISTORY

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PLANT DISEASE CONTROL

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  1. PLANT DISEASE CONTROL Dr. Hadiwiyono MK. : Plant Protection Class : International Class Semester : Odd Semester 2012

  2. HISTORY • Since humans cultivate the plant, they have realized that they are disturbed by pathogens the cause of plant diseases. By this stage plant disease control are based on the experiences • At the middle century of 19’s, many diseases have been indentified particularly from group of fungi. At the stage, the research of plant pathogen and the control of plant diseases have been directed. • In 1882 – Milardad found that Bodeaux,s Mixture could control apple powdery mildew (Podoshaeraleucotrica), thus it become the beginning of fungicide • At 1900’s – it has been found the proof that the plant disease resistance between plant varieties and species are various thus the using of plant resistant to control of plant diseases was started.

  3. Terminology • Extermination (bestrijding), effort to exterminate totally pests without considering the costs and environmental effects. • Control-realized that the extermination is unneeded and impossible even too expensive and often unsucceeded. • Management – the control is just as one of function/component in integrated production system conducted through planning and applying when it is right to control. • Integrated Pest Controlor Integrated Pest Management– is the effort to control at population level or pest attack using one or more tactic of developed control in integrated way to prevent or reduce economic crop losses caused by the pests and environmental effects caused by unwise control measure.

  4. Methods of plant disease control • Quarantine • Plant resistant • Culture practice • Biological control • Physical and chemical

  5. Plant disease control through culture practice: • Start soil preparation and seed, taking care along the growing stage until harvesting • Use of healthy soil (uncontaminated soil) • - virgin soil • - plant rotation • - Sanitation (elimination) of diseased plant debris

  6. 2.Using healthy seeds 3.Keeping the plant growth - choosing planting site, - soil preparation, - broadcasting seeds - planting space, - Deep of sow, - watering, - culture practice methods, - harvest method.

  7. Removing the part/plant: • Control weeds, • Plant helper, • Pruning, • Taking apart/removing the diseased part/plant

  8. Biological control of plant diseases Definition Garret (1965) – every efforts to reduce the intensity of disease with helping one or more organism other than plant host and man. Baker and Cook (1974) – reduce inoculums density or pathogen activity to produce the disease accomplished by or through one or more organism/s other than man

  9. Biological mechanism of plant disease • Antagonism – inhibit the growth of pathogen/disease, ex. Trichodermaversus fungal diseases such biofungicides: Soka-PR, Binab-TR, dan F-StopR. • 2. Plant growth promoting microbe (rizhobacteria/PGPR) such fluorescent Pseudomonas, Mycoriza. • 3. Induced resistant – plant inoculated by certain microorganism (pathogen or non pathogen/avirulent) may be resistant to later infection of specific or general pathogen) Ex.: tobacco inoculated by blue mould (Peronosporatabacina) at juvenile stage becomes resistant the same pathogen after adult stage.

  10. 4. Cross-protection) – plant infected by avirulenstrain vrius (treated virus) becomes resistant to those virulent strain. Ex.Tobaco Mosaic VirusandCucumber Mosaic Virus; refrigerationin vivo on soybean Mosaic Virus; chemical treatment such nitrite acid on Papaya Ring-spot Virus. 5. Mix cropping– certain plants are antagonistic to certain pathogens or associating the plant with antagonistic microbes so the planting may increase the antagonists. Ex. Water melon planted with Liliaceae to be resistant to fusarial wilt pathogen (Fusariumoxysporumf.sp.lagenaria), it may be caused by increasing Pseudomonas gladioli. 6. Control of post harvest disease, ex. Pseudomonas syringaepv. lachrymansprotect to Penicilliumexpansum, andBacillus subtilistoMoniliafructigena.

  11. Fundamental for plant disease control Epidemiologically, the disease development can be formulated as below. Xt = X0.ert Xt= disease intensity or pathogen population after time of t; Xo = disease intensity or pathogen population at the beginning of epidemibefore time of t; r= infection rate; t = time

  12. Based on the formula, the disease control can be through: 1. reduce Xo, r, and t 2. Shortening time for epidemic i.e. planting with early ripening or short age varieties

  13. Tactic of plant disease control

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