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Understanding Earth's Climate: Heat Balance and Its Impact on Human Life

This overview explores the complex relationships between climate factors, insolation distribution, and the Earth's heat balance. It highlights the uneven patterns of incoming and outgoing radiation, the implications of energy surpluses and deficits, and various climatic regions. It also examines how climate influences human activities such as agriculture, population distribution, and health. Factors affecting climate variation are analyzed, including altitude, latitude, and local conditions, alongside case studies from various geographical locations.

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Understanding Earth's Climate: Heat Balance and Its Impact on Human Life

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  1. Climate • Heat balance of the Earth • Distribution pattern of insolation( 日射 ) • Interrelationship among the global distribution pattern of the climatic factors • Climatic regions • Impacts of climate on human beings

  2. Heat balance of the Earth • Balance: Incoming radiation= outgoing radiation • Heat transfer: Vertical + horizontal • Energy: • Surplus: 0° – 38° S / N • Deficit: 38° – 90° S / N

  3. Distribution pattern of insolation • Pattern: Uneven • Affecting factors • 1. Long term: Altitude, Latitude, Winds, • Land & sea, Ocean currents • 2. Short term: Length of daytime, Seasons • 3. Local: Aspect, Cloud cover, Urbanization, • Surface properties • See David Waugh: An integrated Approach

  4. Interrelationship among the globaldistribution pattern of the climatic factors • Global distribution pattern of the climatic factors: • 1. Temperature 2. Air pressure • 3. Wind 4. Precipitation • Interrelationship

  5. Climatic regions • Reasons for climatic variations in areas of similar latitudes • Case studies: • 1. Low - latitude region: • Tropical humid + Tropical arid • 2. Middle / High - latitude region: • Temperate maritime + • Temperate continental

  6. Impact of climate on human beings • Population distribution • Agriculture • Daily Life - Building - Health - Recreation - Business - Energy consumption - Transport • Meterological hazards

  7. Deletetions 1. Temperature: Factors, pattern … OK 2. Air Pressure: Factors, pattern … OK 3. Wind – Planetary: Trades, Westlies, ... OK Secondary: Cyclone, trough, ridge, anticyclone, monsoon 4.Condensation-fog, frost, cloud, dew 5. Precipitation: Relief, convection, … OK 6.Humidity 7.Climate of Hong Kong: Spring … Winter

  8. Interrelationship among climatic factors 0° 30°N/S 60°N/S 90°N/S Insolation H H++ L L - - Temperature H H++ L L - - Air Pressure L H L H Wind Trades Westerlies Polar Precipitation H L M L

  9. Interrelationship among climatic factors: Summary: Insolation H L H H Temperature H H Precipitation L H H L L H OS Pressure L<-- H Wind -- L Windchill

  10. Tropical humid– Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia 3°N Tropical arid - Mogadishu, Somalia, 2°N • Mogadishu, Somalia: 400mm, 26-29℃ • 2 dry seasons • Summer: May-Oct Winter: Dec-Mar • 2 transitional rain seasons • Spring: Apr-May Autumn: Oct-Dec • Reasons: ITCZ, Asian Monsoon, Off Shore winds, • Low & high pressure, SW / NE Trades,

  11. Temperate maritime- ?, Shandong Temperate continental- ?, Xinjiang Shandong: Yantai 38°N Jinan 37°N Qingdao 36°N Xinjiang: Urumqi 43°N Hotan 37°N

  12. Daily Life - Transport Sea River Road Rail Air Temp Iceberg Frozen Slippery Distorted Lift Soften Ppt Fog Flood Fog Drown Snow Drought Snow Landslide Fog WindCapsize Break-down SteadilyBreak-down Fuel

  13. Daily Life - Recreation Hot Cold Temp Outdoor, Aquatic Indoor, skiing Ppt Dry Wet Fair, open concertIndoor games Cover stadium Wind Calm Windy Sport record Surfing, kite

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