UNIT & DIMENSION. FORCE : PARALLELOGRAME OF FORCE.

1. TOPIC COVERED • UNIT & DIMENSION. • FORCE : PARALLELOGRAME OF FORCE. • FRICTION : STATIC FRICTION BY INCLINEDPLANE. • ACCELERATION : SIMPLE PENDULUM. • STRESS – STRAIN : YOUNG’S MODULUS. • HEAT – TRANSFER : EXPANSION OF SOLID. • ELECTRICITY : OHM’S LAW. • ELECTRICITY : KIRCHOFF’S LAW. • ELECTRICITY : WHEATSTONE’S BRIDGE.

2. TOPICCOVERED • ELECTRO – CHEMISTRY : JOULE CALORIMETER. • APPARATUS USED IN LAB. • GENERAL CHEMISTRY. • ELEMENTS & ITS ATOMIC WEIGHT. • TITRATION : ACID – BASE. • PREPARATION OF CHEMICAL : ANILENE. • PREPARATION OF CHEMICAL : COPPER - SULPHATE.

3. TOPICCOVERED • .ACTION OF ACID ON METALS. • ACTION OF BASE ON METALS. • HYDRO CARBON COMPOUND. • PERIODIC TABLE. • FERTILIZER & ITS TYPES. • PRODUCTION OF UREA. • PRODUCTION OF AMONIA. • PRODUCTION OF GLASS. • PRODUCTION OF CEMENT. • PRODUCTION OF PULP. • PRODUCTION OF PAPER. • WATER TREATMENT.

4. PHYSICS • Units and Dimension • Force and Friction • Motion, Speed, Velocity and Acceleration • Density and Specific Gravity • Stress and Strain • Heat and Temperature

5. UNITS & DIMENSIONS Types of Units Absolute Units -Length (cm, m, km) -Weight (gm, kg) -Time (sec) Derived Units -Velocity (m/s) -Acceleration (m/s2) -Area (m2) System of Units Metric System (CGS or MKS) System International Force – Newton Work - joule British System (FPS)

6. UNITS AND DIMENTION Units have two types :- ( 1 ) Fundamental Units. ( 2 ) Derivative Units. Fundamental Units :- The units which used to measurement of Length , Mass and Time are called as Fundamental Units. Derivative Units :- The other units which made from Fundamental Units are called Derivative Units.

7. UNITS AND DIMENTION Measurement of Units have two methods :- ( 1 ) Metric method. ( 2 ) British method. Metric method:- In this method Length, Mass and Time are measured in res. Centimeter , Gram and Second. British method :- In this method Length , Mass and Time are measured in Foot , Pound and Second.

8. UNITS AND DIMENTION In Metric method two types of measurement :- ( 1 ) C. G. S. Method. ( 2 ) M. K. S. Method. Length Mass Time C. G. S. cm gm sec M. K. S. Meter kg sec

9. UNITS AND DIMENTION S. I. Units ( International System ) :- પરિમાણ એકમ બળ ન્યુટન કાર્ય જુલ કાર્ય શકિત જુલ કાર્ય ત્વરા વૉટ ઉષ્ણતામાન ડિગ્રી સેંન્ટીગ્રેડ ઉષ્ણતા કેલરી વિદ્યુત કૂલમ્બ વેગ મીટર/સેકન્ડ પ્રવેગ મીટર/સેકંન્ડ2

10. UNITS AND DIMENTION • Units of Length:- • mm = 1 cm • 10 cm = 1 desi meter • 0 cm = 1 meter • 10 meter = 1 deca mete • 100 meter = 1 hecto meter • 1000 Meter = 1 km

11. UNITS AND DIMENTION • Units of Mass :- • mg = 1 centigram • 10 centigram = 1 desi gram • 0 mg = 1 gram • gram = 1 deca gram • gram = 1 hecto gram • 1000 Gram = 1 kg

12. UNITS AND DIMENTION Units of Temperature :- oC , oF , oR and oK Relation between temperature units :- oC =oF – 32= oR = oK - 273 5 9 4 5

13. UNITS AND DIMENTION Units of Time :- 60second = 1 minute 60 minutes = 1 hour 24 hours = 1 day 365 Days = 1 year

14. FORCE AND FRICTION • FORCE: An effect which causes change in • a stationary body or a moving body. • Force = mass * acceleration • Units = Newton , dyne • FRICTION: When two surfaces kept on each other are forced to move they experience resistance. This resistance is called friction.

15. FORCE

16. FORCE FORCE -A body at rest begins to move and a moving body has its velocity changed when an external effect acts on it is called force. * A force is that physical quantity which changes the state of a body. * Units of force: IN C.G.S. - Dyne. IN M.K.S. - Newton. * Relation b/n Dyne & Newton: 1 Newton = 10 5 Dyne. A square which both in front of sides are parallel is called parallelogram.

17. FORCE Law of Parallelogram of Force :- If the two forces actingon a body are represented in direction and magnitude by two adjacent sides of a parallelogram, the diagonal passing through the common point of the adjacent sides gives the direction and magnitude of their resultant.

18. FRICTION

19. FRICTION FRICTION - When two surfaces are sliding on one another there is resistance exists and disturbed it called friction. - Friction has three types : (1) State friction (2) Sliding friction (3) Rolling friction - Co- efficient of state friction using inclined plane.

20. FRICTION FRICTION - When two surfaces are sliding on one another there is resistance exists and disturbed it called friction. Co – efficient = Pressure = P Weight W Mechanical Advantage ( M. A. ) = Weight = W Pressure P

21. MOTION, SPEED, VELOCITY,ACCELERATION • MOTION = When an object changes its place relative to another object is called motion. • SPEED = Distance travel in unit time is called speed. • VELOCITY = Speed in one particular direction within • given time limit is called velocity. • Velocity = Speed/Time • ACCELERATION = Change in Velocity is called acceleration. • Acceleration = Change in velocity/ Time

22. ACCELERATION Length of Pendulum

23. ACCELERATION -A heavy body suspended from one end of a string of negligible mass and tied to a rigid support at the other end is known as simple pendulum. - Periodic time is the time taken by a body to complete one oscillction or rotation in its motion. - The distance of the center of suspended bob from the rigid support is known as length of pendulam.

24. ACCELERATION L = l’ + x + 2r Periodic Time ( T ) = 2π √ l g l = Length of Pendulum g = Acceleration due to gravity

25. STRESS & STRAIN • STRESS = When an external force is applied to body, internal resistive force is produced in unit cross-sectional area of the body which is called stress. • S = p/a • Where, S = stress, p = external force, a = cross-sectional area • STRAIN = When stress is produced in the body it causes change in its volume or shape which is called strain. • e = 9l/l • Where, e = strain , 9l = change in length , l = original length.

26. YOUNGS MODULES YOUNGS MODULUS ( Y ) = Tensile Stress Tensile Strain

27. YOUNGS MODULES STRESS - Restoring force produced internally and acting normally on unit area of the cross-section of wire is called tensile stress. Tensile stress = Restoring force = F / A N/m 2 Area STRAIN -The ratio of the increase in length and the original of the wire is called tensile strain. Tensile strain = Increase in length = Δl / l no unit original length

28. YOUNGS MODULES --Stress is proportional to strain. --The ratio as tensile stress and tenste strain is called young's modulus (y) Y=Tensile stress = F/A =F.l Tensile strain Δl/l A.Δl Y=mg.l N/m2 {F=mg. A= πr2} πr2.Δl

29. HEAT & TEMPRATURE • HEAT = The hotness in substance is called heat. • TEMPERATURE = The digit or number indicating the heat surface in substance is called temperature. • Units = 0C , 0F , 0K , 0R

30. HEAT TRANSFER IN SOLID In H. T. solid heated by steam which produces from water directly heated by burner but solid not directly heated by burner.

31. HEAT - TRANSFER IN SOLID Length of rod L=________cm At temp T1 c, spherometer reading L1=____cm At temp T2 c, spherometer readinL2______cm Expansion of solid = (L2 – L1) X L (t2 - t1)

32. OHM’S LAW

33. OHM’S LAW The current which flows into the circuit is Proportional to the voltage and inverse to resistance. I = V I = 1 R I = V R

34. KIRCHOFF’S LAW A - ampere meter K - key V - volt meter E - battery

35. KIRCHOFF’S LAW • In circuit at any junction , the current which comes to the junction (+) and the current which go away from the junction ( - ) are equal. So the value of current of any junction is zero.

36. WHEATSTONE BRIDGE

37. WHEATSTONE BRIDGE History of Wheatstone bridge : - -- In 1843 Charles Wheatstone devised an arrangement to determine the value of unknown resistance accurately and rapidly.

38. WHEATSTONE BRIDGE . -- Wheat stone's bridge consists of four resistances R1, R2, R3, and Rx connected so as to form a quadric-- lateral ABCD.Galvanometer is connected between points B and D while battery and key is connected between points A and C. The values of the resistances are so adjusted that on closing the key K no deflection is obtained in the Galvanometer G. This means that no Current is flowing through the Galvanometer. Which Implies that the points B and D are at the same potential. In this condition the bridge is said to be balanced.

39. MECHANICAL EQUVALENT OF HEAT (J)

40. MECHANICAL EQUVALENT OF HEAT (J) Take 80gm of H2O (water) in calorimeter. Then stirrer put in it and closed the caloric-meter. After it prepare the circuit by using the figure. Nothing the initial temp. by using thermometer which put in the caloric- meter. Now colori- meter heated by steam until 10 minutes. During this period note down the V - meter and A - meter. Noting the second temp. After it 5 minutes cool-down it. Then note - down the final- temp.After calculation we get J.

41. CENTRE OF EXCELLENCE CHBT – 04 GENERAL CHEMISTRY

42. APPARATUS USED IN LAB . PIPET BURATTE

43. APPARATUS USED IN LAB CONICAL FLASK BEAKER

44. APPARATUS USED IN LAB TANG TEST TUBE HOLDER

45. APPARATUS USED IN LAB FUNNEL MEASURING CYLINDER

46. APPARATUS USED IN LAB TEST TUBE DROPPER BRUSH

47. APPARATUS USED IN LAB STAND BURNER

48. APPARATUS USED IN LAB NET PORSELINE TILE

49. GENERAL CHEMISTRY • INTRODUCTION TO CHEMISTRY • SAFETY PRECAUTION IN CHEMICAL LAB • ELEMENT , ATOM & MOLECULE • ACID, BASE & SALT • CHEMICAL BONDING • GLASS • DYES • CEMENT • INSECTISIDES • COLLOIDS • CORROSION

50. INTRODUCTION TO CHEMISTRY • Chemistry is most important branch of science by which we can know about the structure & qualities of substance. • Branches of chemistry • Organic Chemistry • Inorganic Chemistry • Physical Chemistry • Special Subjective Chemistry • Industrial Chemistry • Bio Chemistry • Agricultural Chemistry • Now a days Chemistry is related to different fields like medicine, foods, pesticides, agriculture, alkalis , acids, salts, colors, polymers, soaps, detergents, metals, weather & computer processes etc.. Many fields are co-related with eachohter. • In chemistry there is also other branches like Radio Chemistry, Electro Chemistry, Light Chemistry etc..