Heather Boyles Director, International Relations Internet2 heather@internet2

1. Supporting advanced networking needs of the global research, teaching and learning community:National Research and Education Networks and global collaboration Heather Boyles Director, International Relations Internet2 heather@internet2.edu

2. Internet2 Yesterday and Today • Launched October 1996 • 34 US universities • Formally incorporated as not-for-profit corporation September 1997 • Abilene backbone network announced April 1998 • Today • 208 US universities; 60+ corporate members, 40+ affiliates, 45 international partners • 2nd Generation Abilene backbone network; Internet2 Commons, Shibboleth, InCommon, NLR, QUILT, Arts & Humanities program, etc.

3. Applications End-to-end Performance Security Motivate Enable Middleware Services Networks Internet2 Today and Tomorrow

4. Internet2 international partnerships: an overview

5. Internet2: Partnerships • Partnerships are key to Internet2 • International partners are of strategic importance to Internet2 • Ensure global interoperability • of the next generation of Internet technologies and applications • Enable global collaboration • in research and education providing/promoting the development of an advanced networking environment internationally

6. International Partner Program • Build effective partnerships in other countries • With organizations of similar goals/objectives and similar constituencies • Mechanism: Memoranda of Understanding • Provide/promote interconnectivity between communities • Collaborate on technology development and deployment • Facilitate collaboration between members on applications • Engagement to: • Establish leading, high-performance network infrastructures in support of science, teaching and learning • Ensure global coordination and end-to-end performance in support of our communities

7. Europe-Middle East Asia-Pacific Americas ARNES (Slovenia) BELNET (Belgium) CARNET (Croatia) CESnet (Czech Republic) DANTE (Europe) DFN-Verein (Germany) GIP RENATER (France) GRNET (Greece) HEAnet (Ireland) HUNGARNET (Hungary) INFN-GARR (Italy) Israel-IUCC (Israel) NORDUnet (Nordic Countries) POL-34 (Poland) Qatar Foundation (Qatar) FCCN (Portugal) RedIRIS (Spain) RESTENA (Luxembourg) RIPN (Russia) SANET (Slovakia) Stichting SURF (Netherlands) SWITCH (Switzerland) TERENA (Europe) JISC, UKERNA (United Kingdom) AAIREP (Australia) APAN (Asia-Pacific) APAN-KR (Korea) CERNET/CSTNET/ NSFCNET (China) JAIRC (Japan) JUCC (Hong Kong) NECTEC/UNINET (Thailand) NG-NZ (New Zealand) SingAREN (Singapore) TANet2 (Taiwan) CANARIE (Canada) CEDIA (Ecuador)CLARA (Latin America & Caribbean) CUDI (Mexico) CNTI (Venezuela) CR2NET (Costa Rica) REUNA (Chile) RETINA (Argentina) RNP (Brazil) SENACYT (Panama) As of September 2004 Current International Partners Related partnerships APRU (Asia/Pacific) IEEAF

8. A general overview of NRENs and international connectivity around the world

9. NRENs in general • The idea of national research (and education) networks (NRNs or NRENS) continues to be popular • New NRENs in Latin America, Eastern Europe, Mediterranean, Middle East – Pakistan, New Zealand, Jordan • Many of these NRENs incorporate government research lab as well as university connectivity (and sometimes other education institutions) • Regional (continental-scale) backbone growth • Continuum from commercial Internet access, to reliable-leading-edge (production) to experimental to network research facilitating networks • But locus of most effort on supporting the high-performance, leading-edge needs of high-end science (UK e-Science, US CyberInfrastructure) and other high-end research, education, clinical needs

10. A picture of where NRENs exist Current MoU Partners Developing Partnerships Related Efforts in Formation

11. International connectivity from/to the US • Internet2 backbone networks generally exist within the borders of US • Links between the US and other countries funded through various sources • Outside the US: many of our partners procure and operate links from their country to the US • US-funded: US NSF provides funding through IRNC (was HPIIS) program for some links • DOE provides some funding for CERN-procured and operated links to US • Donations: IEEAF has garnered donations from Tyco Telecom of international links

12. How do Internet2 networks connect with these international links? • International exchange points around borders (including north and south borders of US) • Peculiar challenge in US of connecting with multiple national-scale networks in US (Abilene, ESnet, NREN/NISN, DREN, NLR-based networks (e.g. HOPI), etc.) • Exchange points • Pacific Wave exchange point (West Coast – Seattle/LA) • (UTEP link to CUDI (El Paso – Ciudad Juarez)) • AMPATH exchange point (Miami) • Emerging: Atlantic Wave (East Coast – Miami/New York) • MAN LAN (New York) • Star Light (Chicago) • Some direction connections • e.g. to Abilene core router (GEANT in Washington, DC)

13. Last updated: 21 September 2004 Abilene International Peering

14. In addition to physical network interconnectivity • Moving toward ‘interconnecting’ and ‘peering’ these infrastructures too • Performance Measurement and Monitoring Infrastructures • NLANR/MNA measurement infrastructure • Wide international deployment • Internet2 piPEs environment • Joint development work of Internet2 and GEANT2 • PMP deployments in APAN, Brazil, Europe, US • Abilene considering adding measurement infrastructure to international Interconnection Agreements • Authentication and Authorization Infrastructures • Cotswolds meeting • Australia, Finland, Netherlands, Spain, Switzerland, United Kingdom, United States (also CERN) attending • e.g. InCommon trust federation in US (hosted by Internet2), SWITCHAAI, UK legacy ATHENS, planned Shibboleth-based federation, etc.

15. Performance Measurement: Current piPEs Deployment

16. National Federations for Inter-institutional authentication and authorization • National federations of institutions • Agreeing to interconnect their respective authentication and authorization schemes • To support inter-institutional collaboration • Interconnect these national federations • ‘League of Federations’ • To support inter-institutional collaborations internationally • E.g. virtual organizations of researchers – international ‘grid’ projects • E.g. authenticated video-conferencing • E.g. access to performance/measurement data for network engineers across domains AAI

17. eVLBI - Very Long Baseline Interferometry • Astronomers collect data about a star from many different earth based antennae and send the data to a specialized computer for analysis on a 24x7 basis. • VLBI is not as concerned with data loss as they are with long term stability. • The end goal is to send data at 1Gb/s from over 20 antennae that are located around the globe. http://web.haystack.mit.edu/e-vlbi/meeting.html Interesting: eVLBI sites in US and Europe recently tracked and confirmed landing of Huygens probe to one of Saturns’ moons, Titan

18. Astronomy- Arecibo • Arecibo is the largest single-dish radio-telescope in the world • Can gather data at 40 MBytes per second • Advanced network connection allows: • Remote observation • Real-time control • Ability to provide researchers access to over 800 TBytes of data collected by the antenna

19. HENP • High Energy and Nuclear Physics • Physicists has traditionally been one of the “power users” of all networks • Generating Terabytes (1x1012) of data per experiment from the CERN lab in Switzerland • They are working on bulk data transfers that are extremely resistant to data loss • VRVS, a video conferencing tool, was developed by the physics community

20. Distance Education/Learning • Tele-presence environments • Real-time interactions with very high quality audio and MPEG-2 video • as needed “meetings” connecting faculty and staff across the ocean Music instruction Language/cultural Exchanges Learning foreign languages through cultural exchanges and problem based experiential learning

21. For more information: • http://www.internet2.edu • Or contact me: • Heather Boyles • heather@internet2.edu