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Periodic Table Study Guide Determining Shells and Valence Electrons

All images are from www.Chem4kids.com. Periodic Table Study Guide Determining Shells and Valence Electrons. Periods. Each row is called a “period”. The elements in each period have the same number of shells. 1 st Period = 1 Shell. 2 nd Period = 2 Shells. 3 rd Period = 3 Shells.

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Periodic Table Study Guide Determining Shells and Valence Electrons

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  1. All images are from www.Chem4kids.com Periodic Table Study GuideDetermining Shells and Valence Electrons

  2. Periods • Each row is called a “period” • The elements in each period have the same number of shells 1st Period = 1 Shell 2nd Period = 2 Shells 3rd Period = 3 Shells 4th Period = 4 Shells www.chem4kids.com

  3. Groups Group 8 = 8 electrons Group 1 = 1 electron Except for He, it has 2 electrons Group 2 = 2 electrons • Each column is called a “group” 3,4,5,6,7 • Each element in a group has the same number of electrons in their outer orbital, also known as “shells”. • The electrons in the outer shell are called “valence electrons” www.chem4kids.com

  4. Transition Metals • Transition Metals have slightly different rules for shells and valence electrons. • This is something you will learn about in High School Chemistry. www.chem4kids.com

  5. Determine the number of shells and the number of valence electrons for: Carbon - C 2nd Period = 2 shells 4th Group = 4 valence electrons www.chem4kids.com

  6. Determine the number of shells and the number of valence electrons for: Sodium - Na 3rd Period = 3 shells 1st Group = 1 valence electron www.chem4kids.com

  7. Write your answers in your compbook. Ne Name the element. Number of shells ? Valence electrons ?

  8. Write your answers in your compbook. Ne Name the element. Number of shells ? Valence electrons ? Neon 2nd Period = 2 shells 8th Group = 8 valence electrons

  9. Write your answers in your compbook. H Name the element. Number of shells ? Valence electrons ?

  10. Write your answers in your compbook. H Name the element. Number of shells ? Valence electrons ? Hydrogen 1st Period = 1 shell 1st Group = 1 valence electron

  11. Write your answers in your compbook. Be Name the element. Number of shells ? Valence electrons ?

  12. Write your answers in your compbook. Be Name the element. Number of shells ? Valence electrons ? Beryllium 2nd Period = 2 shells 2nd Group = 2 valence electrons

  13. Write your answers in your compbook. S Name the element. Number of shells ? Valence electrons ?

  14. Write your answers in your compbook. S Name the element. Number of shells ? Valence electrons ? Sulfur 3rd Period = 3 shells 6th Group = 6 valence electrons

  15. Write your answers in your compbook. K Name the element. Number of shells ? Valence electrons ?

  16. Write your answers in your compbook. K Name the element. Number of shells ? Valence electrons ? Potassium 4th Period = 4 shells 1st Group = 1 valence electron

  17. Write your answers in your compbook. He Name the element. Number of shells ? Valence electrons ?

  18. Write your answers in your compbook. He Name the element. Number of shells ? Valence electrons ? Helium 1st Period = 1 shell 8th Group = 2 valence electrons • Helium is the exception in Group 8. • Since it has just one shell, that shell can only fit 2 electrons instead of 8. • It is in this group because all the elements have a full outer shell.

  19. How to Draw Bohr Diagrams

  20. Bohr Diagrams • Find your element on the periodic table. • Determine the number of electrons – it is the same as the atomic number. • This is how many electrons you will draw.

  21. Bohr Diagrams • Find out which period (row) your element is in. • Elements in the 1st period have one energy level. • Elements in the 2nd period have two energy levels, and so on. www.chem4kids.com

  22. Bohr Diagrams • Draw a nucleus with the element symbol inside. • Carbon is in the 2nd period, so it has two energy levels, or shells. • Draw the shells around the nucleus. C

  23. Bohr Diagrams • Add the electrons. • Carbon has 6 electrons. • The first shell can only hold 2 electrons. C

  24. Bohr Diagrams • Since you have 2 electrons already drawn, you need to add 4 more. • These go in the 2nd shell. • Add one at a time -starting on the right side and going counter clock-wise. C

  25. Bohr Diagrams • Check your work. • You should have 6 total electrons for Carbon. • Only two electrons can fit in the 1st shell. • The 2nd shell can hold up to 8 electrons. • The 3rd shell can hold 18, but the elements in the first few periods only use 8 electrons. C

  26. Bohr Diagrams Try the following elements on your own: • H • He • O • Al • Ne • K C

  27. Bohr Diagrams Try the following elements on your own: • H – 1 electron • He • O • Al • Ne • K H

  28. Bohr Diagrams Try the following elements on your own: • H • He - 2 electrons • O • Al • Ne • K He

  29. Bohr Diagrams Try the following elements on your own: • H • He • O - 8 electrons • Al • Ne • K O

  30. Bohr Diagrams Try the following elements on your own: • H • He • O • Al - 13 electrons • Ne • K Al

  31. Bohr Diagrams Try the following elements on your own: • H • He • O • Al • Ne - 10 electrons • K Ne

  32. Bohr Diagrams Try the following elements on your own: • H • He • O • Al • Ne • K - 19 electrons K

  33. How to Draw Lewis Structures

  34. Lewis Structures • Find your element on the periodic table. • Determine the number of valence electrons. • This is how many electrons you will draw.

  35. Lewis Structures • Find out which group (column) your element is in. • This will tell you the number of valence electrons your element has. • You will only draw the valence electrons. www.chem4kids.com

  36. Groups - Review Group 8 = 8 electrons Group 1 = 1 electron Except for He, it has 2 electrons Group 2 = 2 electrons • Each column is called a “group” 3,4,5,6,7 • Each element in a group has the same number of electrons in their outer orbital, also known as “shells”. • The electrons in the outer shell are called “valence electrons” www.chem4kids.com

  37. Lewis Structures • Write the element symbol. • Carbon is in the 4th group, so it has 4 valence electrons. • Starting at the right, draw 4 electrons, or dots, counter-clockwise around the element symbol. C

  38. Lewis Structures • Check your work. • Using your periodic table, check that Carbon is in the 4th group. • You should have 4 total electrons, or dots, drawn in for Carbon. C

  39. Lewis Structures In your compbook, try these elements on your own: • H • P • Ca • Ar • Cl • Al C

  40. Lewis Structures In your compbook, try these elements on your own: • H • P • Ca • Ar • Cl • Al H

  41. Lewis Structures In your compbook, try these elements on your own: • H • P • Ca • Ar • Cl • Al P

  42. Lewis Structures In your compbook, try these elements on your own: • H • P • Ca • Ar • Cl • Al Ca

  43. Lewis Structures In your compbook, try these elements on your own: • H • P • Ca • Ar • Cl • Al Ar

  44. Lewis Structures In your compbook, try these elements on your own: • H • P • Ca • Ar • Cl • Al Cl

  45. Lewis Structures In your compbook, try these elements on your own: • H • P • Ca • Ar • Cl • Al Al

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