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The Birmingham Crisis (1963)

The Birmingham Crisis (1963). SSUSH22/ Identify dimensions of the Civil Rights Movement, 1945-1970. D. Describe the significance of Martin Luther King, Jr.’s Letter from a Birmingham Jail and his I have a Dream Speech. What philosophy did MLK borrow from Gandhi (p. 938)?

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The Birmingham Crisis (1963)

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  1. The Birmingham Crisis (1963)

  2. SSUSH22/ Identify dimensions of the Civil Rights Movement, 1945-1970.D. Describe the significance of Martin Luther King, Jr.’sLetter from a Birmingham Jail and his I have a Dream Speech.

  3. What philosophy did MLK borrow from Gandhi (p. 938)? • What were sit-ins (p. 942)? • What were freedom riders (p. 942)? • Why wasn’t the marching in Birmingham legal (p. 945)? • Who was arrested at the clash in Birmingham (p. 945)? • What did MLK have to say in response criticism that the Birmingham campaign was ill-timed (p. 945)? • What made many unsympathetic people change their mind about the marches in Birmingham (p. 946).

  4. Protests in Birmingham • MLK went to Birmingham to protest segregation. • At first adult followers marched and staged sit-ins, but they were arrested (including King). • Then, King decided to let the children march.

  5. Success of the Children’s March • Much of the American public was appalled to see children of any color sprayed by high powered hoses and wrestled down by dogs. • A compromise was reached that led to the desegregation of city facilities and fairer hiring practices.

  6. When criticized by white clergymen (preachers) for the timing of his Birmingham protest, King responded: “Frankly, I have yet to engage in a direct-action campaign that was ‘well timed’ in the view of those who have not suffered unduly from the disease of segregation. For years now I have heard the word ‘Wait!’ It rings in the ear of every Negro with piercing familiarity. This ‘Wait!’ has almost always meant ‘Never.’

  7. So how did King justify his timing?

  8. MLK was saying whites had always said any black protests were ill timed. King meant he and other African-Americans knew that the whites never intended to end segregation.

  9. The Violence of the Children’s March • As the demonstrators left the church, police warned them to stop and turn back, "or you'll get wet". When they continued, Connor ordered the city's fire hoses, set at a level that would peel bark off a tree or separate bricks from mortar, to be turned on the children. Boys' shirts were ripped off, and young women were pushed over the tops of cars by the force of the water. When the students crouched or fell, the blasts of water rolled them down the asphalt streets and concrete sidewalks. Connor allowed white spectators to push forward, shouting, "Let those people come forward, sergeant. I want 'em to see the dogs work.

  10. Essay Response • Put yourself in the shoes of a black parent living in Birmingham. Would you have sent your kids to the Children’s March? Please explain your reasons.

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