Fats - Are the rocks crying out?

1. Fats - Are the rocks crying out?

4. FAT IS GOOD But How Much, and What Kind of Fat?

5. Although fat in the diet in the number one concern amongst grocery shoppers... ...30% more people are overweight today than in the late 1970’s.

6. Some of the “costs” of being overweight Diabetes Cancer Stroke Heart Disease The Framington Study found that systolic blood pressure levels increased an average of six points and LDL cholesterol levels increased an average of nine mg/dl for every 10% increase above one’s ideal body weight.

7. Results of lowering the blood pressure For the general population, a 3mm decrease in systolic blood pressure would result in: • 11 percent fewer strokes • 7 percent fewer coronary events • 5 percent fewer deaths

8. Health Implications “Greatly” increases risks of: • Insulin Resistance • Diabetes Type II • Hypertension • Dyslipidemia • Coronary Heart Disease • Gout • Osteoarthritis • Gall Bladder Disease & Stones • Cancers of Bowel, Breast, GU Tract • Skin Diseases (especially fungal diseases) • Sleep Apnea with chronic hypoxia Solomon et al. Obesity & motality: a review of epidemiological data. Am J Clin Nutr 1997 Oct 66:4 1044S

9. FATS Free or combined fats? Good sources?

10. Refined Fat It takes 10-14 ears of corn to make one tablespoon of corn oil. As refined or free oil, it comes without its fiber, minerals, vitamins, enzymes, and other unknown nutrients.

11. Hyperlipemic blood. Marked creamy layer is striking. When mixed, the blood sample looks like cream of tomato soup.

12. Why do we need fat in the diet? Fat facilitates the absorption of the fat soluble vitamins A, D, E, and K. A certain amount is also needed to make our meals palatable. Fat supplies the essential fatty acids. Immune response Inflammatory reactions Blood pressure Blood clotting Hormonal balance Blood cholesterol levels

13. Saturated or Unsaturated What’s the Difference?

14. Saturated vs. Unsaturated Studies showed unsaturated fats lowered heart attack rate Massive shift to poly-unsaturated cooking oils Heart attacks have not declined

15. Saturated Fat • Come largely from animals • Are solid at room temperature • The worst kind of fats • Most responsible for excess manufacture of cholesterol in the body • Coconut, palm, and palm-kernel oil are also highly saturated

16. Saturated Fat

17. Polyunsaturated fats • Liquid at room temperature. • Come from vegetable sources such as corn, soybean, safflower, sunflower, sesame, cottonseed. • Often hydrogenated, forming trans-fatty acids which have been found to be a likely cause of cancer.

18. Unsaturated Fat

19. Monounsaturated fats • Olive oil, peanut oil, olives, and avocados. • Also found in beans, grains, vegetables, nuts, and seeds. • Determined to be the best kind of fat.

20. Fat Remains Longer in the Stomach • It coats the particles of carbohydrates and protein. • Salivary and gastric juices cannot digest fats. • These particles of food pass out of the stomach undigested. • Fermentation, sour stomach, heartburn, gas, and indigestion occur

21. Fried Foods • Frying fats reaches temperatures of over 315o Celsius. • At these temperatures the natural cis-fatty acids are converted into trans-fatty acids.

22. Fat Head... • Large amounts of saturated fats can cause a sharp drop in the amount of oxygen that reaches the brain cells. • Good though requires a good amount of oxygen in the brain. • In one study using dairy cream, the oxygen in the brain dropped 30%. • Restricted blood flow to the brain impairs clear thinking, causes headaches, and leads to senility. • A fat-rich meal can cause the oxygen level in the brain to drop to 68% and require three days to return to 95% of normal.

23. ...or Air Head? • Excess fat causes the red blood cells to stick together, reducing their oxygen carrying capacity. • Only a 35% reduction of oxygen is necessary to produce malignant cells from normal cells. • Nine to twelve hours are required for this clumping to begin reversing, and 72 hours for circulation to return to normal.

24. Omega-3 Fats Fight Heart Disease • Help decrease platelet stickiness • Decrease blood pressure • Decrease serum triglycerides • Decrease muscular damage from heart attack • Decrease likelihood of blood vessel blockage after angioplasty or surgery

25. Fish Contamination Compounds • Fish from mildly polluted water concentrate toxins up to more that 1,000,000 times more than detected in water • Toxins in their fatty tissues include pesticides, chlorinated hydrocarbons, mercury, and dioxin • Fish can also be contaminated with PCB’s, various heavy metals, petroleum hydrocarbons, halogenated organic compounds, and lead

26. Biomagnification of DDD Insecticide Sample site DDD,ppm Lake water 0.02 Phytoplankton 5 Herbivorous fish 40-300 Carnivorous fish >2,500

27. Problems with Fish and Fish Oil • Can worsen blood sugar levels in diabetics • Large amounts can dangerously prolong blood clotting time • Fish oil is expensive • Can lead to an increase in body weight • Sea food is a large reservoir for infectious diseases • Toxins acquired from contaminated waters concentrate in the fatty tissues of fish

28. A Sad State Ideal Diet Standard American Diet • 1-25% Fat >75% Unsaturated • 5% Protein • 70-90% Unrefined Carbohydrates (mostly complex) • 37% Fat 80-90% Saturated • 12% Protein • 27% Carbohydrates (mostly refined) • 24% Refined Sugar!

29. The Fat Family Weighs in

30. Under 30 and fatty streaks already Aorta wall covered with fatty streaks vs. cholesterol level in people under 30 % 110 140 170 200 230 Serum cholesterol

31. Serum Cholesterol & Mortality Risk Mortality Risk Cholesterol Level

32. Sources of Dietary Cholesterol Cholesterol is found ONLY in meat, milk, eggs, and cheese. This includes chicken and fish.

33. Common Atherosclerotic Sites • Cerebral arteries • Carotid arteries • Coronary arteries • Aorta • Renal arteries • Femoral arteries • Stroke • Heart attack • Angina pectoris • Aneurysm • Intermittent claudication • Gangrene

34. Fat content of dairy products • Skim milk…… 0-1% • Filled milk…….. 2% • Whole milk…… 3% • Cream cheese…. 35% • Cheddar…….…. 32% • American……… 30% • Muenster………. 30% • Swiss……….….. 25% • Mozzarella…..… 25% • Neufchâtel….….. 25% • Camembert… 25-27% • Brie………… 25-27% • Ricotta…………. 12% • Cottage cheese.. 3-5%

35. Cheese & butter 2-4 times a week... • 3.2 times higher risk of breast cancer for women compared to once a week use • 3.6 times greater risk of fatal prostate cancer for men who eat meat, dairy, eggs daily over sparingly

36. Lifestyle Changes and MortalityReduced Heart Disease Deaths • In Finland, 14,257 men and 14,786 women: • Actions: • lowered cholesterol intake • lowered blood pressure • stopped smoking • Results: • 55% decreased death rate in men • 68% decreased death rate in women

37. Total Vegan Diet Benefits • Zero cholesterol • Low saturated fat • High fiber • Zero animal protein • Rich in antioxidants • Rich in folic acid and B6 • Promotes weight control • More nutrients for the dollar

38. 7 Steps to Lower Triglycerides • Lose weight • Exercise • Eat less fat • Decreasestress • Stop smoking • Abstain from alcohol • Avoid sugar