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源氏 物 語

(c. 1000). 源氏 物 語. Late Old Japanese (794-1192 ). / e/ and /ye/ > / ye/ enoki ‘Japanese hackberry’ > yenoki yeda ‘tree branch’ (unchanged) /o/ and / wo / > / wo / oki ‘offing’ > woki woka ‘hill’ (unchanged ) / i / and / wi / > / i / iru ‘to need’ (unchanged ) wiru ‘to exist’ > iru

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源氏 物 語

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  1. (c. 1000) 源氏物語

  2. Late Old Japanese (794-1192 ) • /e/ and /ye/ > /ye/ • enoki‘Japanese hackberry’ > yenoki • yeda‘tree branch’ (unchanged) • /o/ and /wo/ > /wo/ • oki‘offing’ > woki • woka‘hill’ (unchanged) • /i/ and /wi/ > /i/ • iru‘to need’ (unchanged) • wiru‘to exist’ > iru • Influenced by the Chinese sound system, the voiced consonants /b, d, z, r, g/ began to appear word initially.

  3. Late Old Japanese (794-1192 ) • /f/ [ɸ] in word medial position became /w/ • /fa, fi, fu, fe, fo/ > /wa, wi, u, we, wo/ • fafa(modern haha) ‘mother’ > fawa • kafu‘to buy’ > kawu(= kau) • Today, the topic particle wais still written as は, reflecting this sound change. • The consonant corresponding to today’s /s/, which was /ts/ or /ch/ in Old Japanese, became /s/ or /sh/.

  4. Late Old Japanese (794-1192 ) • The conjunctive particle te was added to the verb adverbial form. • However, when the adverbial form ended in /ki/ or /gi/, the /ki + te/ and /gi + te/ sequences respectively became /ite/ and /ide/. • aruki‘walk’ + te> aruite • oyogi‘swim’ + te> oyoide • When the final syllable was /bi/ (= /mb/), /ni/, or /mi/, the sequence with tebecame /nde/. • tobi‘fly’ + te> tonde • sini‘die’ + te> sinde • yomi‘read’ + te> yonde

  5. Late Old Japanese (794-1192 ) • When the final syllable of the adverbial form was /ti/, /fi/, or /ri/, the sequence with tebecame /tte/. • mati‘wait’ + te> matte • ifi‘say’ + te> itte • ari‘exist’ + te > atte • Some occurrences of /ku, gu, fi, bi, mi/ became /u/. • nikuku‘feeling disgusted’ > nikuu(= nikū) • kanasiku‘being sad’ > kanasiu

  6. 鎌倉時代　十三世紀

  7. 三月のつごもりなれば　 京の花盛りはみな過ぎにけり 山の櫻はまだ盛りにて 入りもておはするまゝに 霞のたゝずまひのをかしう見ゆれば かゝるありさまもならひたまはず 所狭き御身にて　 めづらしう思されけり 寺のさまもいとあはれなり 峰高く　深き巖の中にぞ 聖入りゐたりける 『朗読源氏物語　平安朝日本語復元による試み』 　金田一晴彦監修　関弘子朗読 　大修館書店

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