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Measuring Effectiveness in Complex Emergencies: A Multi-Indicator Approach

This article discusses the evolution of measures of effectiveness (MOEs) used in complex emergencies, focusing on the challenges posed by multiple decision-makers, indicators, and phases. Initially utilized in industry and military contexts, MOEs have become essential in humanitarian assessment and response. The discussion highlights how effective MOEs can combine essential indicators across various sectors, guiding policies while demonstrating performance trends. Future demands from the donor community will require reliable and valid indicators that inform why programs succeed or fail, influencing future policies.

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Measuring Effectiveness in Complex Emergencies: A Multi-Indicator Approach

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  1. COMPLEX EMERGENCIES: Measuring Effectiveness across a Multitude of Indicators Frederick M. Burkle, Jr., MD, MPH Deputy Assistant Administrator Bureau for Global Health/USAID Senior Scholar, Scientist & Visiting Professor The Center for International Emergency, Disaster & Refugee Studies Schools of Public Health & Medicine The Johns Hopkins University Medical Institutions

  2. The Problem….. • Multiple decision-makers • Multiple indicators • Numerous phases • Multiple questions

  3. Evolution of measures of effectiveness……. • First used in industry to measure reliability and performance • Used by military to measure performance of civil action programs in Viet Nam • Debut in Somalia as a way to measure security performance

  4. Evolution of measures of effectiveness……. • Combined with other indicators to retrospectively measure multi-agency humanitarian performance* • lack of measures of effectiveness seen as contributory reason for operational failure of UNPROFOR in Yugoslavia • Adopted by UN Peacekeeping forces * Burkle FM, et al: Complex Emerg: MOEs, PDM 1995

  5. Evolution of measures of effectiveness……. • Indicator research and application advances are primarily sector specific • Criteria: precisely defined, easily understood, reliable, valid, simple, informative

  6. Evolution of measures of effectiveness……. • MOEs: combination of “essential indicators” that define critical pathways (the multi-sectoral/agency architectural response), measures performance both quantitative and qualitative, and defines an end-state or sustainability…….

  7. Evolution of measures of effectiveness……. MOEs must be: • Appropriate to the critical pathway • Consistently measurable • Cost-effective (to limited resources) • Sensitive • Timely • Mission-related

  8. Evolution of measures of effectiveness……. MOEs: • Combine political, social, economic and technical indicators • Be amenable to graphic display and trend analysis • Flexible, phase specific, and unifying • Should tell a story from beginning to end

  9. Food Delivered CMR Develop trend analysis and end-point determination... T5 J4 Time Food Delivered (tons)

  10. Evolution of measures of effectiveness…….Future • Demand for performance measures from Donor community….need to know why a program works and why it fails... • Integrative performance tool: MTCT integrated with antenatal care, public health infrastructure, political commitment/governance, prevention, etc., etc…...

  11. Evolution of measures of effectiveness…….influences on complex emergencies: • Indicators and MOEs will drive policy…but still too early! • Must be reliable, valid and cross professional boundaries

  12. Evolution of measures of effectiveness…….influences on complex emergencies: • Human rights seen as guiding principle for intervention and aid programs…. • Disaster-vulnerability assessments will inextricably tie early warning to multiple indicators and human rights….representing the Policy MOEs of the future

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