PRODUCTION OF A MANUAL FOR STATISTICS ON ENERGY CONSUMPTION IN HOUSEHOLDS MESH PROJECT

1. PRODUCTION OF A MANUAL FOR STATISTICS ON ENERGY CONSUMPTION IN HOUSEHOLDS MESH PROJECT 3th Working Meeting WP2: DISCUSSION OF METHODOLOGY Jesús Pedro García Montes IDAE – General Secretary – Planning and Studies Department Vienna, 3th May 2012 1

2. Definitions: End uses • End Use: the use of energy commodities by a household, in order to obtain a certain service (heating, cooling, hot water etc.). Five major energy end-uses are distinguished for the energy consumption in households; space heating, water heating, cooking, space cooling, lighting and electrical appliances. • Space Heating. • Water Heating. • Space cooling. • Cooking. • Lighting and electrical appliances. • Other end uses. 2 Mesh project: Production of a Manual for Statistics on Energy Consumption in Households

3. Definitions: End uses • End Uses Definitions: before to define the different end uses • Come thoughts: • Electricity consumption has problems to disaggregate by uses. • Centralized systems for space heating and water heating present the same problems. • Additionally, households consuming an only type of energy could have problems to disaggregate the consumption by end uses. For example: households supplied by natural gas or electricity. • Solutions: • In these cases the breakdown by uses should be determined by modeling from theoretical approaches, “in situ” measurements or mixtures of both. • Manual should incorporate methods that help the user to disaggregate the consumption by uses. 3 Mesh project: Production of a Manual for Statistics on Energy Consumption in Households

4. Definitions: End uses – Space heating • Definition of Space heating: • There are two possible definitions • The use of energy to provide heat in a dwelling. Including electrical heating. • A more restrictive but more appropriate definition, according to the nature of energy end uses in households, is the use of energy to provide heat in an interior area of a dwelling. • Discussion: should we consider the external heating for terraces? • Come thoughts: • The terraces have not a good insulation. If we included outdoor heating in space indoor heating, the consumption by m2 will be higher and no comparable with other house without terrace. • The heaters are different for indoor heating and outdoor heating and it is possible to separate outdoor and indoor heating. • For space cooling , we not considered the fans, blowers or nebulizers. • Information on fuel type used must be included. 4 Mesh project: Production of a Manual for Statistics on Energy Consumption in Households

5. Definitions: End uses – Space heating • Systems for Space heating: depending on the information available in each country two possible of breakdown: • Basic o minimum breakdown: • Main / Supplementary:the main space-heating system provides most of the heat to the dwelling. The supplementary space-heating equipment is used less often than the main space-heating system. • Collective / Individual:the main space-heating system may be a collective system, serving more than one households. An individual system provides heat to a single household. District heating forms a separate type of main space-heating systems. • More completed disaggregation: • Local system: non-central heating (stoves, fireplaces, electric radiators etc.). • Floor central heating: for one dwelling in one building. • Central heating: for multiple dwellings in one building. • District heating: heating plant or boiler rooms for several buildings. 5 Mesh project: Production of a Manual for Statistics on Energy Consumption in Households

6. Definitions: End uses – Space heating • Type of Heating equipment: types of heating equipment : • Combi boiler: is a water heater and a central heating boiler, combined within one compact unit. It could be normal boiler or high efficiency boiler. • Central steam / hot water space-heating system:providing steam or hot water to radiators / convectors or pipes (under-floor heating) in a dwelling. It could be normal or high efficiency device. • Built-in electric system:a system of electrical resistances (usually as under-floor heating) providing heat to individual rooms; the system is part of the building electrical installation. • Central warm-air space-heating system:providing warm air through ducts to the dwelling • Heat pumps:a device that brings heat in the dwelling from the environment using a compressor (mechanical work) • Stove:a non-portable apparatus that furnishes heat using solid or liquid fuels • Fireplace • Electric storage heaters, portable electric heaters • Portable kerosene / LPG heaters • Other • Discussion: Where do we include solar panels for heating? • Discussion: cooking equipment for heating could be categorized like a stove, but we need to be able to breakdown the consumption by uses. 6 Mesh project: Production of a Manual for Statistics on Energy Consumption in Households

7. Definitions: End uses – Space heating • Age of Heating Equipment: age of the main heating system of the household. • Availability and type of temperature control instruments (thermostats): • Thermostat: adevice that turns on or off the heating system so that a desired temperature is reached in a heated space. • Discussion: Is it realistic ask this information? • Come thoughts: • Households could inform about availability of this device, but about of its real use? • And, households could inform about the average room temperature in dwelling during the heating season? • If we considered necessary information about thermostat we should ask: • Availability: number of thermostats controlling the main heating system. • Thermostat types: • Manual on-off thermostat: allowing the manual control of the heating period during the day. • Programmable thermostat:designed to adjust automatically the temperature at different times of the day or night and days of the week. 7 Mesh project: Production of a Manual for Statistics on Energy Consumption in Households

8. Definitions: End uses – Water heating • Definition of Water heating: • The use of energy to heat water for hot running water, bathing, cleaning and other non-cooking applications.. • Discussion: should we include hot water for swimming-pool? • Come thoughts: • There are usually only a heater for all uses of hot water, but…. • It’s the same case for space heating and water heating. The heater could be the same. • Consumption by litre of hot water it is not comparable between a home with swimming and the same home without swimming. • Information on fuel type used must be provided. 8 Mesh project: Production of a Manual for Statistics on Energy Consumption in Households

9. Definitions: End uses – Water heating • Systems for Water heating: depending on the information available in each country two possible of breakdown: • Basic o minimum breakdown: • Main / Supplementary: the main water heating system provides most of the hot water to the dwelling. The supplementary water heating equipment is used less often than the main water heating system. • Collective / Individual:the main water heating system may be a collective system, serving more than one households. An individual system provides water heating to a single household. District water heating forms a separate type of main water heating systems. • More completed disaggregation: • Local system: non-central water systems (stoves, electrical appliances, etc.). • Floor water heating: for one dwelling in one building. • Central heating: for multiple dwellings in one building. • District heating: water heating plant or boiler rooms for several buildings. 9 Mesh project: Production of a Manual for Statistics on Energy Consumption in Households

10. Definitions: End uses – Space heating • Type of Water heating equipment: the following types of heating equipment may be considered: • Combi boiler: is a water heater and a central heating boiler, combined within one compact unit. It could be normal boiler or high efficiency boiler. • Water Heater: a thermally insulated vessel designed for heating and storing hot water. • Water Heater instant: a thermally vessel designed for heating water without storage. • Discussion: Where we include solar panels for water heating? • Tank size, age: the volume (litres) and age of the water heater. Broad classes may be used for reporting tank size and age. • Discussion: is it realistic? 10 Mesh project: Production of a Manual for Statistics on Energy Consumption in Households

11. Definitions: End uses – Cooking • Definition of Cooking: • The use of energy to prepare meals and hot drinks. • Discussion: should do we include hot drinks? • Come thoughts: • Hot drinks may be prepare by other equipment very different to cooker: café machine, water heaters, kettles… • The main consumption in the service of cooking is in charge of cooker, oven, hob, and cooking stove. That is, in the equipment to make the basic preparation of food. • Micro ovens are used to heat food already prepared or to prepare hot drinks. • Micro ovens, café machine, water heaters, kettles, etc. could be considered electrical appliances. 11 Mesh project: Production of a Manual for Statistics on Energy Consumption in Households

12. Definitions: End uses – Cooking • Systems for cooking service: • Basic o minimum breakdown: • Main:the cooking system provides most of the cooking services to the households. • Supplementary: the supplementary cooking system is used less often than the main cooking system. • Type of Water heating equipment: the following types of cooking equipment may be considered: • Cooker. • Oven. • Hob. • Cooking stove. • Age of Primary Cooking Equipment: only for main cooking equipment. • Fuel type:only for main cooking equipment. 12 Mesh project: Production of a Manual for Statistics on Energy Consumption in Households

13. Definitions: End uses – Space Cooling • Definition of Space Cooling: • The use of energy for cooling and dehumidifying the air in a dwelling by a refrigeration unit (fans, blowers and other appliances not connected to a refrigeration unit are not included). • Residential air conditioning technologies include window air conditioners, central air conditioners and heat pumps. • Air conditioning equipment type • Central system that has ducts to bring cooled air in the individual rooms of the dwelling. • Electrically driven individual units providing cooled only to single rooms. • Age: the age of the central air-conditioning system or the oldest individual unit. 13 Mesh project: Production of a Manual for Statistics on Energy Consumption in Households

14. Definitions: End uses – Space cooling • Availability and type of temperature control instruments (thermostats): • Thermostat: adevice that turns on or off the heating system so that a desired temperature is reached in a heated space. • Discussion: Is it realistic ask this information? • Come thoughts: • Households could inform about availability of this device, but about of its real use? • And, households could inform about the average room temperature in dwelling during the cooling season? • If we considered necessary information about thermostat we should ask: • Availability: number of thermostats controlling the cooling system. • Thermostat types: • Manual on-off thermostat: allowing the manual control of the cooling period during the day. • Programmable thermostat:designed to adjust automatically the temperature at different times of the day or night and days of the week. 14 Mesh project: Production of a Manual for Statistics on Energy Consumption in Households

15. Definitions: End uses – Lighting and Electrical Appliances • Definition of Lighting and Electrical appliances: • The use of energy by the lights and electrical appliances in a dwelling not included in other end uses.. • The service of Space Heating, Hot Water, Cooking and Space Cooling supplied by electricity are not include. • Lighting and Electrical Appliances equipment type 15 Mesh project: Production of a Manual for Statistics on Energy Consumption in Households

16. Definitions: End uses – Lighting and Electrical Appliances • Lighting and Electrical Appliances equipment type In Spain 86% of consumption of electrical appliances 16 Mesh project: Production of a Manual for Statistics on Energy Consumption in Households

17. Boundaries sector 1/3 • Private cars aren’t object to the Manual. • Consumption of private cars is reported in the transport sector. • But, in chapter “Consumer surveys” we could suggest to user to incorporate in the survey some questions about private cars. • A medium family reside in their second home a maximum of 33% of the year. • Equipment linked to the second home tends to be lower in quantity and size. • Methodology to develop will be valid for both main and second residence. 17 Mesh project: Production of a Manual for Statistics on Energy Consumption in Households

18. Boundaries sector 2/3 • Energy consumption associated to economic activities could be big. • Difficulties to determine the energy consumption associated with economic activities. Need to estimate it from measurements or modeling. • But, statistics should be of energy consumption in households. It’s not possible to include energy consumption associated a economic activities. • Rest of consumption (swimming pool, lawn moving, outdoors heaters, etc.) should be reported, but: • Like other consumption? • Like external consumption to dwelling? 18 Mesh project: Production of a Manual for Statistics on Energy Consumption in Households

19. Boundaries sector 3/3: final proposal from IDAE Outdoor recreation activities (mainly in gardens) Swimming pool Lawn mowing outdoor heaters Main residence: only private consmption Space heating Water heating Space cooling Cooking Other (electricity and others energies) 19 Mesh project: Production of a Manual for Statistics on Energy Consumption in Households

20. Thank you very much for your attention 20