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Aviation Weather

Aviation Weather. Quote. “Just remember, if you crash because of weather, your funeral will be held on a sunny day” – Layton A. Bennett. The Atmosphere & Global Circulation. Atmospheric Composition.

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Aviation Weather

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  1. Aviation Weather

  2. Quote • “Just remember, if you crash because of weather, your funeral will be held on a sunny day” – Layton A. Bennett

  3. The Atmosphere&Global Circulation

  4. Atmospheric Composition • Earth's atmosphere has a unique composition of gases when compared to that of the other planets in the solar system.

  5. At greater altitudes, the same volume of air contains fewer molecules of the gases that make it up. This means that the density of air decreases with increasing altitude.

  6. The earth's atmosphere thins rapidly with increasing altitude.

  7. Thermal Model of the Atmosphere

  8. Sunlight Angle

  9. Global Wind Patterns • Hot air rises over the equator due to the fact that it is less dense. • The air then travels north and south at high altitude. • The cooled air descends to reach the surface at about 24 ON and 24 OS of the equator. • This forms a high pressure area • The great deserts of the world are located in this high pressure area

  10. Coriolis Effect

  11. An object in motion in the northern hemisphere appears to turn to the right. • An object in motion in the southern hemisphere appears to turn to the left.

  12. Global Circulation • With Globe, Coriolis • Seasons – Have kid stand on table as sun • Chris Columbus - trades • With Fan, demonstrate orthographic lifting

  13. Pressure Areas

  14. Cyclones L • Cyclone • A low pressure area with winds moving into the low pressure area and being forced upward • Winds are counter-clockwise around the low pressure system • Anticyclone • A high pressure center • Winds are clockwise H

  15. Hurricane John

  16. The AtmosphereADXQuestions

  17. Weather Systems

  18. Weather Fronts • Front • A boundary between two different air masses • Cold Front • When a cold air mass moves into a warmer area, displacing the warm air mass • Provides lift to adiabatically cool the warm air, resulting in towering cumulus and thunderclouds.

  19. Boundaries between air masses = fronts • Cold • Warm • Stationary • Occluded Types of Fronts

  20. Cold Front

  21. Warm Front When a warm air mass moves into an area, displacing the cold air mass A gently sloping front as the Warm air moves over top of the cooler air. StationaryFront When the edge of a front ceases to advance

  22. Warm Front

  23. Air Masses • Polar air mass • An air mass that moves from a cold region • Tropical Air Mass • An air mass that moves from a warm region • Continental Air Mass • Moves in from a land mass • Maritime Air Mass • Moves in from over an ocean

  24. Air Mass Types

  25. Occluded Front • Cold front overtakes a warm front • Warm front is “sandwiched” • Lifted off the ground • Has a low pressure center and possible cyclonic activity

  26. Weather SystemsADXQuestions

  27. Stability and Instabilityof Air

  28. Stability • Air may be: • Unstable • Cumulus clouds • Stable • Stratus clouds

  29. Lapse Rate

  30. How a Cloud Forms • Temperature and Dewpoint Converge • Water Condenses on Particles (Dirt, Dust, Smoke)

  31. Calculate the altitude of this cloud. Surface Temperature = 68° Dewpoint = 59° Moist Air 68-59 = 9, 9/4.5 = 2 2 = 2,000 foot bases

  32. Stability and Instabilityof AirADXQuestions

  33. Rain and Fog

  34. This figure compares the size of the condensation nuclei to the size of typical condensation droplets. Note that 1 micron is 1/1,000 mm. Condensation Nucleus (0.2 microns) Average Cloud Droplet (20 microns) Large Cloud Droplet (100 microns) Drizzle Droplet (300 microns) Average Rain Drop (2000 microns)

  35. Fog is a cloud very near to the surface

  36. Types of Fog • Radiation (ground) fog • Advection fog • Requires wind • Warm air over colder land or water • Upslope fog • Requires wind • Higher ground

  37. Radiation Fog From the Air

  38. Advection Fog

  39. Upslope Fog

  40. Upslope Fog

  41. Rain and FogADXQuestions

  42. Thunderstorms

  43. Thunderstorms • Thunderstorms require • Unstable air • Moisture • Lifting mechanism • T-storms always have lightning • Thunder is the sound of lightning • T-storms are reported when thunder is heard • Automatic Wx Obs Systems (AWOS) detects lightning discharge

  44. Life Cycles Thunderstorms

  45. Lightning

  46. Types of Thunderstorms • Air mass • Associated with local heating • Downdrafts cut off updrafts quickly • Short lived

  47. Types of Thunderstorms • Steady – State • Associated with weather systems • Precipitation falls outside the updrafts • Continues unabated for several hours

  48. Types of Thunderstorms • Squall Line • Group of storms arranged in a line • High wind and heavy rain • Most violent of the thunderstorms • Cumulonimbus Mammatus, funnel clouds, tornados

  49. Types of Thunderstorms

  50. Embedded Thunderstorms • Unstable cumulus clouds hidden among straitform clouds • Bad clouds obscured by good clouds

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