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Key Concepts in Chemistry: States of Matter, Pure Substances, and Chemical Changes

This document covers important fundamental concepts in chemistry, focusing on states of matter (solid, liquid, gas), distinguishing pure substances from mixtures, and exploring the laws governing matter, such as the Law of Conservation of Mass and the Law of Definite Proportions. It addresses various properties (intensive vs. extensive) and separation techniques (e.g., distillation and chromatography). The text also includes hypotheses related to environmental chemistry, specifically the impact of chlorofluorocarbons on the ozone layer, enhancing understanding of these critical topics.

claire-crawford
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Key Concepts in Chemistry: States of Matter, Pure Substances, and Chemical Changes

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  1. Chemistry Chapter 3

  2. Question 1 - 10 • The three common states of matter are _____, ______, and ___.

  3. Answer 1 – 10 • Solid, Liquid, and Gas

  4. Question 1 - 20 • Which of the following is a pure substance? • Soda • Sugar Water • Gun Powder • Steam

  5. Answer 1 – 20 • Steam

  6. Question 1 - 30 • A vapor is in the ______ state at room temperature.

  7. Answer 1 – 30 • liquid

  8. Question 1 - 40 • Physical properties can be observed without altering a substance’s _________.

  9. Answer 1 – 40 • Composition

  10. Question 1 - 50 • Intensive properties are independent of how much of a substance is present. An example of an intensive property is mass. • Is the above statement true or false?

  11. Answer 1 – 50 • False • Mass is an extensive property because it varies based on the amount of the substance present

  12. Question 2 - 10 • A change from one state to another is called a _____ ______.

  13. Answer 2 – 10 • Phase Change

  14. Question 2 - 20 • What law states that matter can neither be created nor destroyed during a chemical reaction?

  15. Answer 2 – 20 • Law of Conservation of Mass

  16. Question 2 - 30 • In the following reaction, H and O are classified as ______. 2H + O → H2O

  17. Answer 2 – 30 • Reactants

  18. Question 2 - 40 • In the following reaction, H2O is classified as the ______. 2H + O → H2O

  19. Answer 2 – 40 • Product

  20. Question 2 - 50 • A chemical change involves a change in a substances ___________.

  21. Answer 2 – 50 • Composition

  22. Question 3 - 10 • A _______ is a combination of two or more pure substances.

  23. Answer 3 – 10 • Mixture

  24. Question 3 - 20 • A smoothly blended mixture is called a ___________ mixture.

  25. Answer 3 – 20 • Homogeneous

  26. Question 3 - 30 • What is another word for a homogeneous mixture?

  27. Answer 3 – 30 • Solution

  28. Question 3 - 40 • ____________ is a physical separation technique that is based on differences in boiling points of the substances involved.

  29. Answer 3 – 40 • Distillation

  30. Question 3 - 50 • ______________ is a technique that separates the components of a mixture dissolved in either a gas or a liquid based on the ability of each component to travel or to be drawn across the surface of a fixed substrate.

  31. Answer 3 – 50 • Chromatography

  32. Question 4 - 10 • A(n) _______ is a pure substance that cannot be separated into simpler substances by physical or chemical means.

  33. Answer 4 – 10 • Element

  34. Question 4 - 20 • Another word for the columns on the Periodic Table of Elements is ______.

  35. Answer 4 – 20 • Groups

  36. Question 4 - 30 • The ___ __ ______ ________ states that a compound is always composed of the same elements in the same proportion by mass no matter how large or small the sample.

  37. Answer 4 – 30 • Law of definite proportions

  38. Question 4 - 40 • ____________ is a method that can be used to separate water (H2O) into it’s components H and O.

  39. Answer 4 – 40 • Electrolysis

  40. Question 4 - 50 • The ___ __ ________ __________ states that when different compounds are formed by a combination of the same elements, different masses of one element combine with the same fixed mass of the other element in a ratio of small whole numbers.

  41. Answer 4 – 50 • Law of Multiple Proportions

  42. Question 5 - 10 • HYPOTHESIS: The more chlorofluorocarbons introduced into the stratosphere, the thinner the ozone layer will become. • Name the independent and dependent variables.

  43. Answer 5 – 10 • IV- Amount of CFCs • DV- Thickness of Ozone Layer

  44. Question 5 - 20 • Any unit that is based on an object or event in the physical world.

  45. Answer 5 – 20 • Base Unit

  46. Question 5 - 30 • What the mass of an object does as it descends closer to sea level.

  47. Answer 5 – 30 • Remains constant

  48. Question 5 - 40 • Density is the ratio of an objects ______ to it’s ______.

  49. Answer 5 – 40 • Mass, Volume (respectively)

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