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Introduction to Nanomechanics (Spring 2012)

Introduction to Nanomechanics (Spring 2012). Martino Poggio. Nanomechanical Measurements. Displacement measurement is crucial for force transduction Different types of nanomechanical displacement measurements (advantages & disadvantages) Focus on optical interferometry

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Introduction to Nanomechanics (Spring 2012)

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  1. Introduction to Nanomechanics(Spring 2012) Martino Poggio

  2. Nanomechanical Measurements • Displacement measurement is crucial for force transduction • Different types of nanomechanical displacement measurements (advantages & disadvantages) • Focus on optical interferometry • Signal-to-noise ratio Introduction to Nanomechanics

  3. Transduction vs. Sensing • A transducer receives energy from one system and transmits it to another, often in a different form. • A sensor responds to physical stimuli (e.g. heat, light, pressure, or motion) and generates an electronic signal for detection. Introduction to Nanomechanics

  4. Mechanical Force Transducers F • Now we require a sensor for mechanical motion. x Introduction to Nanomechanics

  5. Sensors for Mechanical Motion • Tunneling • Optical Deflection • Optical Interferometry • Microwave Interferometry • Magnetomotive • Piezoelectric • Capacitive Introduction to Nanomechanics

  6. Displacement Measurements STM Detection Introduction to Nanomechanics

  7. Displacement Measurements Laser deflection Introduction to Nanomechanics

  8. Displacement Measurements Laser interferometry Fixed mirror “spring” x Pin “Movable” mirror Introduction to Nanomechanics

  9. Displacement Measurements Laser interferometry Introduction to Nanomechanics

  10. Displacement Measurements Laser interferometry LIGO – Gravitational Wave Detection Introduction to Nanomechanics

  11. Displacement Measurements Laser interferometry Introduction to Nanomechanics

  12. Displacement Measurements Microwave interferometry – capacitive detection K. L. Lehnert, JILA Introduction to Nanomechanics

  13. Displacement Measurements K. L. Lehnert, JILA Introduction to Nanomechanics

  14. Displacement Measurements Magnetomotive detection (via Faraday’s Law) Figure from K.L. Ekinci, Boston U. A. Cleland & M. Roukes, 1999. Introduction to Nanomechanics

  15. Displacement Measurements Capacitive detection Introduction to Nanomechanics

  16. Displacement Measurements Capacitive detection Introduction to Nanomechanics

  17. Displacement Measurements Piezoelectric detection Introduction to Nanomechanics

  18. Displacement Measurements Capacitive detection Introduction to Nanomechanics

  19. e- 2DEG L QPC R 2DEG QPC as a mechanical displacement detector Introduction to Nanomechanics

  20. 10-12m / (Hz)1/2 100 10-21 10-1 10-22 10-2 10-23 10-3 10-24 10-4 10-25 10-5 4.50 4.75 5.00 5.25 Frequency (kHz) Displacement Measurements Measurement of Cantilever Thermal Noise at 4.2 K Spectral Density (A2 / Hz) Spectral Density (Å2 / Hz) Introduction to Nanomechanics

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