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Bio-diesel Fuels

Bio-diesel Fuels. By: Gloria, Melissa, Chris, Edward, Luis, Albert . Brief History on Bio-diesel fuels .

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Bio-diesel Fuels

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  1. Bio-diesel Fuels By: Gloria, Melissa, Chris, Edward, Luis, Albert

  2. Brief History on Bio-diesel fuels • The concept of using vegetal oil as an engine fuel dates back to 1895 when Rudolf Diesel (1858-1913) developed the first engine to run on peanut oil, as he demonstrated at the World Exhibition in Paris in 1900. Unfortunately, R. Diesel died 1913 before his vision of a vegetable oil powered engine was fully realized.

  3. Brief History Continued • Bio-diesel (or bio-fuel) is the name for a variety of ester-based fuels (fatty esters) generally defined as the monoalkyl esters made from vegetable oils, such as soybean oil, canola or hemp oil, or sometimes from animal fats through a simple transesterification process. This renewable source is as efficient as petroleum diesel in powering unmodified diesel engine.

  4. Where does Bio-fuels come from • Bio-diesel is produced from virgin vegetable oils (mono-alkyl esters of long chain fatty acids) through a refinery process called transesterification. This process uses a chemical reaction to remove glycerin from the oils. Bio-diesel can be produced using a variety of U.S. crops including flaxseed, cottonseed, sunflower and canola. However, most bio-diesel sold on the open market today comes from soy bean, a crop currently grown by over 400,000 farmers in 29 states. • Fuel-grade bio-diesel must be produced to strict industry specifications (ASTM D6751) in order to insure proper performance. Bio-diesel is the only alternative fuel to have fully completed the health effects testing requirements of the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments. Bio-diesel that meets ASTM D6751 and is legally registered with the Environmental Protection Agency is a legal motor fuel for sale and distribution. • Raw vegetable oil or homegrown bio-diesel that does not meet ASTM fuel specifications cannot be registered with the EPA, and is not a legal motor fuel.

  5. How Bio-diesel is made • How is Biodiesel Made?  Making biodiesel is a fairly simple process.  The vegetable oil or animal fat is reacted with methanol or ethanol and a catalyst, such as sodium hydroxide, to produce a methyl ester - the biodiesel.  The methanol or ethanol and the catalyst used in the process are recovered and can be re-used.  The bi-product of biodiesel production is glycerine, which can be used for other purposes such as the making of soap.

  6. Where Bio-diesel come from

  7. Who's using Bio-fuels • Bio-diesel use in America has nearly tripled each year since 1999, rising from 500,000 gallons produced then to over 75 millions gallons produced in 2006. Each year, more fleet managers turn to bio-diesel to meet increasingly stringent emissions standards, to voluntarily mitigate their impact on the environment, or to begin reducing their dependence on foreign oil. Below is a brief list of just a few of the 200 fleets now using bio-diesel in the U.S.

  8. Arapahoe Basin Ski Resort (CO)Aspen Skiing Company (CO)Baltimore Gas & Electric (MD)Town of Breckenridge (CO)Cedar Rapids Transit (IA)Cincinnati Metro (OH)City of St. Louis (MO)Clark County School District (NV)Deer Valley School District (AZ)Florida Power & Light Co. (FL)Georgia Power Co (GA)Lambert Int’l Airport (MO)US Military NASA Yellow stone National Park Las Vegas Water District (NV)Medford School District (NJ)New Jersey Dept of Transportation (CA)Peterson Air force Base (CO)Prince Kuhio Charters (HI)Rockland Industries (AZ)City of Taipei, TaiwanSt John’s School District (MI)Scott Air Force Base (IL)USDA-Ag Research Service (MD) USDA-Forest Service (WY)US Postal Service (FL, NY, and CA)University of South Dakota (SD)University of Vermont (VT)Yellowstone National Park (WY) Who's using Bio-fuels Continued

  9. Prices

  10. Do we need to modify engines ? • Engine Modifications for Ethanol blends of 14% to 24%The following engine modifications were carried out by car companies in Brazil, in the 1970’s, when vehicles were operating on ethanol blends of between 14 and 24% ethanol: • Changes to cylinder walls, cylinder heads, valves and valve seats • Changes to pistons, piston rings, intake manifolds and carburettors • Nickel plating of steel fuel lines and fuel tanks to prevent ethanol E20 corrosion • Higher fuel flowrate injectors to compensate for oxygenate qualities of ethanol

  11. Why aren’t we using alternative fuels ? • “There is still a trillion barrels of oil beneath the earths crust. $100 trillion dollars worth business yet to be done” -Wally E. Rippel Research engineer, Aero-environment

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