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How Can an ESL/EFL Teacher Teach Successfully? Babak Falsafi University of San Francisco Fall 2010

How Can an ESL/EFL Teacher Teach Successfully? Babak Falsafi University of San Francisco Fall 2010 Dr.Popal. How can an ESL/EFL teacher teach successfully?. WHO? Who is the learner? Where does he/she come from? What is his/her first language? What is his/her level of education?

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How Can an ESL/EFL Teacher Teach Successfully? Babak Falsafi University of San Francisco Fall 2010

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  1. How Can an ESL/EFL TeacherTeach Successfully? Babak Falsafi University of San Francisco Fall 2010 Dr.Popal

  2. How can an ESL/EFL teacher teach successfully? • WHO? • Who is the learner? • Where does he/she come from? • What is his/her first language? • What is his/her level of education? • What is his/her socioeconomic level? • What is his/her intellectual capacities?

  3. How can an ESL/EFL teacher teach successfully? • WHO? • Who is the teacher? • Where does he/she come from? • What is his/her first language? • What is his/her level of education? • What is his/her philosophy of education? • What is his/her teaching experience?

  4. How can an ESL/EFL teacher teach successfully? • HOW? • How does learning take place? • How can a person ensure success in language learning? • What cognitive processes are utilized in Second Language learning? • What is the optimal interrelationship of cognitive, affective, and physical domains for successful language learning?

  5. How can an ESL/EFL teacher teach successfully? • WHEN? • When does second language learning take place? • Why does the age of learning make difference? • How do cognitive & emotional developmental changes affect language acquisition? • How much time does the learner spend on learning? • Is the learner in a immersion or drip-feed program? • Is the learner totally submerged in the culture?

  6. How can an ESL/EFL teacher teach successfully? • WHERE? • Does the learning take place in an ESL or EFL setting? • How might the sociopolitical conditions of a particular country affect the mastery of the language? • How do intercultural contrasts and similarities affect the learning process?

  7. How can an ESL/EFL teacher teach successfully? • WHY? • Why are the learners are attempting to acquire the second language? • What are their purposes/motivations? • Instrumental/extrinsic? • Integrative/intrinsic?

  8. WHAT IS LANGUAGE? • Language is a systematic and generative system. • Language is a set of arbitrary symbols. • The symbols are primarily vocal but may also be visual. • The symbols have conventionalized meanings. • Language is used for communication. • Language operates in a speech community/culture. • Language is mainly human but not limited to human. • Language is acquired by all people in much the same way; language and language learning have universal characteristics.

  9. Creativity in Language • Language is a set of arbitrary symbols which operates in a speech community; it is essentially human and is acquired in much the same way. • Language is a set of sounds and symbols which are primarily vocal but may also be visual that are understood by a community and used for communication between human cultures and learned by most people in much the same way.

  10. Creativity in Language • Language is a symbolic, systematic, primarily vocal form of communication which operates within a community or culture and whose acquisition has universal characteristics. • Language is a systematic culture-based means of communication, using arbitrary and conventionalized symbols; language and language learning have universal characteristics.

  11. What do we teach when we teach a language? LINGUISTIC KNOWLEDGE • 1. Phonology: It is the knowledge of the sound system. It enables us to recognized the following: • Human sounds from non-human sounds. • Native language sounds from non-language sounds • Sounds in the initial, medial and final position of words

  12. What do we teach when we teach a language? LINGUISTIC KNOWLEDGE • 2. Morphology: It is the study of the internal structure of words. It concerns the following topics/issues: • Affixes • Prefixes • Infixes • Suffixes • Parts of speech • How words are coined in a language:

  13. What do we teach when we teach a language? LINGUISTIC KNOWLEDGE • 3. Syntax: It is the study of the internal structure of sentences. It concerns the following topics: • Word Order • Surface and Deep Structure • Hierarchical order • Linear Order • Sentence Diagramming • Phrase structure Rules

  14. What do we teach when we teach a language? LINGUISTIC KNOWLEDGE • 4. Semantics: It is the study of meaning, logic, and reference. It concerns the following topics: • Connotative Meaning of Words • Denotative Meaning of Words • Lexical Ambiguity • Semantic Properties • Sense and Reference • Discourse Analysis

  15. What do we teach when we teach a language? LINGUISTIC KNOWLEDGE • 5. Pragmatics: It is the use of Language in socially appropriate contexts. It concerns the following topics: • Sociolinguistic Rules of language • Speech Acts • Presupposition • Deixis • Anomaly • Metaphor

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