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Institutional Repositories:

Institutional Repositories:. their contribution to sustainable development.

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Institutional Repositories:

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  1. Institutional Repositories: their contribution to sustainable development

  2. Development needs ScienceScience needs Access to ResearchJawaharlal Nehru, India's first prime minister, said: "It is science alone that can solve the problems of hunger and poverty, of insanitation and illiteracy … A1982 UNESCO report states that "assimilation of scientific and technological information is an essential precondition for progress in developing countries". The InterAcademy Council says: "In a world moving rapidly toward the knowledge-based economies of the 21st century, capacity building in science and technology is necessary everywhere. But the need is greatest for the developing countries".

  3. A reminder of the scale of the problem ACCESS STUDY WHO study in 2003 showed: Of 75 countries with GNP/per capita/yr < $1000, 56% of medical institutions had NO subscriptions to journals over the last 5 years Of countries with GNP/capita/yr of $1-3000, 34% had NO subscriptions and a further 34% had an average of 2 subscriptions/yr Situation unlikely to have changed much since 2003

  4. Some confusions BOAI recommendations: Self-archiving (OA Archives, Institutional Repositories) of published articles Alternative journals (OA Journals) Repositories: Institutional Repositories (IRs, OAAs) primarily for archiving already published research articles Institutional Digital Archives (IDAs) for archiving an institutes total digital record (theses, reports, assessment records, teaching products, pre-prints….)

  5. Institutional Repositories A global network of interoperable archives providing free access to already published research findings (author’s final version) Subsidiary, bottom-up accessstrategy working in parallel with OA or TA journals

  6. Technical Benefits from Institutional Repositories • Free software, therefore appropriate for low-income countries • Easy to establish, technical help available • All IRs are interoperable, conforming to OAI-MPH international standards (www.oaister.org/about.html) • Distributed network, shared costs • Searchable by Google, Yahoo and specialised search programs (eg OAIster, SHERPA searches) • Usage (impact) statistics available • If embargo, immediate deposit gives email options

  7. Strategic Benefits from Institutional Repositories • Content free to all with access to Internet (Good for readers) • Increases impact of articles (raises visibility of developing country science); increases usage, forges partnerships (Good for authors) • Maximises return on investments (already being mandated by institutes and funding bodies) (Good for funders) • Shows institutional achievement (Good for institutes) • Administrative tool (eg RAE) (Good for institutes) • Already ~900 established • Little change to existing publishing practice – no new models required

  8. Any problems? Yes! Researchers are merely humans and don’t bother to archive their publications (in spite of the fact that their work makes a far higher impact)! So IRs are proving slow to fill. Studies show (A.Swan; A.Sale) researchers willingly archive if told [or mandated] to do so. Like most of us, researchers respond to sticks and carrots!

  9. Author readiness to comply with a mandate 5% 14% 81% Key Perspectives Ltd

  10. Recommended and agreed Mandates Mandates to deposit authors’ copies in his/her IR at time of acceptance: at April 17th 2007: 11 Institutional Mandates 3 Departmental Mandates 12 Funders’ Mandates 6 further mandates proposed

  11. Where are they? Registry of OA Repositories (http://roar.eprints.org/) shows between 8-900 established world-wide Examples: • Latin America – 83 (50 in Brazil) • EU countries – 350 (93 in UK) • India – 23 • China – 9 • South Africa – 7 • Canada – 39 • Australia - 33 • USA - 211

  12. And the cost is? In India, for example: • NCCR ‘Not very much’ • ‘Depends if you have to buy a PC and if you can use existing staff’ • IISc (India) says new PC costs ~$555 IISc deposits papers and formats abstracts/references for authors; two people’s salary costs $5500 per annum. Total $6055 • NIC (India) says they ‘used existing resources, so not very expensive’

  13. Driver Repository Infrastructure Vision for European ResearchThe long-term vision: Pan-European Digital Repository Infrastructurehttp://www.driver-repository.eu/

  14. The Depot deposit service Welcome to the DEPOT. The DEPOT is a supporting service of the JISC Repositories and Preservation programme. Researchers based at UK institutions of higher and further education are welcome to use this national facility to deposit their peer-reviewed papers, articles, and book chapters (e-prints). The Depot contains full-text post-print research papers, with associated metadata and subject classification. The Depot is an OAI-compliant repository allowing your e-prints to be discovered and accessed through harvesting services and search engines anywhere in the world. The Depot conforms to W3C standards for conformity and validation, and Section 508 for accessibility. http://depot.edina.ac.uk/ Part of the JISC IR Roadmap programme

  15. ►And in the USA InterAgency Working Group on Digital Data Data, not articles as yet 22 agencies to develop infrastructure ►And in AUSTRALIA Partnership for Sustainable Repositories Online Research Collections Australia: ORCA Network ORCA Registry

  16. ►And globally >25,000 research individuals (including >1000 research organisations) signed petition in support of recommendation A1 of EU study: “GUARANTEE PUBLIC ACCESS TO PUBLICLY-FUNDED RESEARCH RESULTS SHORTLY AFTER PUBLICATION“ Sponsors: DeFF JISC SPARC Europe SURF

  17. IRs for sustainable development? A light at the end of the tunnel…..

  18. NEED ACCESS NOW! (think malaria, HIV AIDS, climate change, avian ‘flu, tsunamis, conservation, taxonomy…..) IRs should not be delayed while mega$ programmes are agreed and implemented. There is an urgent need to support: • Establishment of Institutional Repositories • Mandating author-deposit (and providing incentives) • Consider networking programmes for IRs (cf DRIVER and DEPOT programmes, JISC Roadmap)

  19. ‘Let 1000 OA flowers bloom’ But don’t let planting the slow-growing mighty oak trees delay the spread of easily established Indigenous Roses

  20. Thank you Barbara Kirsop barbara@biostrat.demon.co.uk Electronic Publishing Trust for Development http://www.epublishingtrust.org

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