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Discover the evolution of HTML from its inception in 1990 by Timothy Berners-Lee to the modern standards of HTML5. This guide explores various HTML versions, including HTML 4.01 and XHTML 1.0/1.1, highlighting their distinct characteristics and aims. Understand the transition from XHTML to HTML5 by the WHATWG in response to the challenges posed by previous specifications. Learn about the significant milestones, compatibilities, and the impact of browser implementations on markup standards. Get a clear overview of how XHTML compares with HTML.

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Tag Soup

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  1. Tag Soup What is HTML4.01, XHTML1.0, XHTML1.1, XHTML2, HTML5 or HTML 5 and WHATWG with W3C Confused??

  2. What we know • HTML was created by Timothy Berner Lees around 1990 • HTML evolved into different versions over the years by standards groups. In particular, W3C was a primary developer. HTML 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 3.2, 4.01. Each version added new tags and capabilities and sometimes streamlined areas of confusion. • Remember standards are only as good as: • Browsers implementing them • Authors using them in documents

  3. Enter XHTML • After HTML 4.01 was written then XHTML 1.0 was created. XHTML stands for Extensible Hypertext Markup Language • The XHTML 1.0 specification is almost identical to HTML 4.01 (no new elements) but the syntax was different – more strict – for example, can’t mix upper and lower case. XHTML 1.0 required authors to follow the rules used in writing XML • Then came XHTML 1.1 – this was different and authors needed to use an xml mime type rather than a text/html type. But, wait IE doesn’t render that!

  4. Enter XHTML • W3C begins working on XHTML 2 • XHTML2 was not backwards compatible with HTML!!!! • In 2004 a subgroup within W3C rebels and creates their own group called WHATWG and starts working on HTML5 • October 2006 Sir Timothy Berner Lees announces the move to XML is not working and subsequently the work on XHTML 2 is stopped.

  5. XHTML Grows UP • In 2009 W3C formally announces the charter for XHTML 2 will not be renewed • Keep in mind XHTML 1 and XHTML2 have little in common • W3C welcomes the WHATWG group back into W3C and creates group to continue work on HTML5 • Conclusion: XHTML 1.0 and HTML4.01 and HTML5 are good. • Conclusion: XHTML 1.1 and XHTML 2 and HTML < 4.01 bad  • http://www.alistapart.com/articles/a-brief-history-of-markup/

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