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A Necessidade de uma Visão integralizada da Qualidade de Energia

A Necessidade de uma Visão integralizada da Qualidade de Energia. Paulo F. Ribeiro, BSEE, MBA, PHD, PE CALVIN COLLEGE Engineering Department Grand Rapids, MI 49546 http://engr.calvin.edu/PRibeiro_WEBPAGE/ PRIBEIRO@CALVIN.EDU. Vision "Where there is no vision, the people perish"

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A Necessidade de uma Visão integralizada da Qualidade de Energia

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  1. A Necessidade de uma Visão integralizada da Qualidade de Energia Paulo F. Ribeiro, BSEE, MBA, PHD, PE CALVIN COLLEGE Engineering Department Grand Rapids, MI 49546 http://engr.calvin.edu/PRibeiro_WEBPAGE/ PRIBEIRO@CALVIN.EDU

  2. Vision • "Where there is no vision, the people perish" • Proverbs 29:18 • Philosophy / Strategy • No aspect of reality should be viewed in isolation • Initiative

  3. What is the Cost of Power Quality? What is the Value of Power Quality (Future)? How are Customers Addressing Power Quality Needs and Risks?

  4. Outline • Power Quality Reality • Power Quality - Challenges • Power Quality - Challenges - Examples • Power Quality Technical Facts – Differentiating • Power Quality Approach – Integrated • Power Quality Integrating Principles • Advanced Power Quality Solutions • Power Electronics - Semiconductor Devices • The PQ Equation • Standards • Power Quality Evolving Environment • Benefits of a Power Quality Program • Power Quality – Integrated Solutions • Conclusions

  5. Power Quality Reality Power quality problems are expensive for both utilities and end users. A recent survey conducted by Primen suggests that across all business sectors, the U.S. economy is losing between $104 billion and $165 billion a year to outages and another $15 billion to $24 billion to PQ phenomena. EPRI

  6. Power Quality Reality Power Quality is a serious issue that touches almost all industrial, commercial and residential customers in some way.

  7. Power Quality - Challenges • Flexible • Reliable • Comprehensive • Cost Effective (Micro and Macro)

  8. Power Quality - Challenges - Examples As the secure and reliable transmission of information has become increasingly critical to business operation, companies are increasing their spending on third party hosting services that can guarantee high levels of uptime for their critical business applications. Costs due to downtime can be very high. Below are a few average costs for data center downtime on the operations of different businesses: Telephone ticket sales $72K Airline Reservations $90K Credit Card operations $2,580K Brokerage operations $6,480K

  9. Power Quality Technical Facts - Differentiating • Steady- State Issues. • Transient - Protection Issues • Electrical Noise - Issues • Wiring Guidelines - Issues

  10. Power Quality Approach - Integrated • All sectors need to understand the overall picture so that these decisions can be made in an intelligent way. • Power Quality Solutions should take into consideration: • Importance of Power Quality • Changing Nature of Customer Loads • Program Objectives (Service, Load Growth, Profit) • Customer Interface • Education and Training • Monitoring and Site Surveys

  11. Power Quality Approach - Integrated • All sectors need to understand the overall picture so that these decisions can be made in an intelligent way. • Power Quality Solutions should take into consideration: • Solutions to Power Quality Problems • Organizational Analysis • Customer Service Functions • Marketing Functions • Engineering Functions • Legal/Regulatory Considerations • Market Research - Market Size - Market Structure

  12. Power Quality Approach - Integrated • All sectors need to understand the overall picture so that these decisions can be made in an intelligent way. • Power Quality Solutions should take into consideration: • Customer Characteristics • Competitive Position • Marketing Strategies • Developing a Business Plan • Need for the PQ Program • Program Objectives

  13. Power Quality Approach - Integrated • All sectors need to understand the overall picture so that these decisions can be made in an intelligent way. • Power Quality Solutions should take into consideration: • Description of Products and Services • Financial Projections • Personnel Requirements • Equipment Requirements • Training Requirements • Advertising/Marketing • Program Review

  14. Power Quality Technical Aspects • Because today's businesses depend upon keeping electronic systems up and running, they can no longer afford power interruptions that could shut them down. • Facility Power Audits • Power Quality Enhancements • Motors and Controls Protection • Standby and Emergency Generators • Uninterruptible Power Systems • Surge Suppressors • Power Factor Correction

  15. Power Quality Integrating Principles • What is power quality? • Expectations, Specifications, Minimum Requirements • Why are we concerned about power quality? • Consequences of power quality problems • The cost of power quality problems • The benefits of power quality design • What are the sensitive loads. • What is the life-cycle to power quality issue costs and benefits • First cost vs. problem costs • Whose costs? • Designs that set correct expectations throughout the life cycle

  16. Power Quality Integrating Principles • 1. Understand the problem • 2. Find the real cause before you find the best solution • 3. The solution must be always cost effective • 4. Be open and work closely with the customer • 5. Be Pro-Active, Not Reactive • 6. Do not go after magic solutions • 7. Educate utility and customers • 8. Offer alternative PQ Services • 9. Be aware of legal issues • 10. Satisfy the customers - They are always right

  17. Advanced Power Quality Solutions Software Wavelet Theory Expert Systems Fuzzy Logic Genetic Algorithms Neural Network

  18. Advanced Power Quality Solutions Hardware Active Harmonic Filters Micro SMES for Power Quality Large SMES for Transmission / Distribution PWM Based Higher Power Compensators FACTS Controller, Custom Power Devices Transfer Switches

  19. Advanced Power Quality Solutions Measuring and Monitoring Artificial Intelligence Instruments Remote Access Integrated Diagnostic Comprehensive System Monitoring Centralized Monitoring (GPS)

  20. Advanced Power Quality Solutions Systems and Concepts PQ Parks Custom Power / FACTS / Transfer Switches Higher Immunity Special Contracts Power Management Companies

  21. The PQ Equation A - Electric parameters B - Economic Parameters C - Structure of the Sector PQ $ PQ Level

  22. Advanced Power Quality Solutions Computer Modeling and Simulation Graphical Environment Inclusion of Artificial Intelligence (fuzzy / neural, wavelets) Integrated Economic Analysis

  23. Power Electronics - Semiconductor Devices Decision-Making Matrix

  24. Standards Compatibility: A Key Componente

  25. Standards Compatibility: A Key Componente Relative Trespass Level (RTL) Uk - measured or calculated harmonic voltage Uref - harmonic voltage limit (standard or particular equipment) k - harmonic order

  26. Individual Harmonics (Vh) Equipment Malfunction Fuzzy - Color Code Criteria Equipment Malfunction Magnitude $ Phase Angle No Problem Caution 1 Possible Problems Normal Levels Caution Possible Problems Severe Distortions Dangerous Levels Over Heating Below Normal Normal Below Normal Very Hot Imminent Problems 0 e c a A B C D E F G RTL d b Standards Flexibility: A Key Componente Harmonic Distortion Diagnostic Index Applying Fuzzy Logic ComparisonsAlternative Approach

  27. Standards - Issues Limits for Continuous PQ Variations – Not a problem Difficulty in apportioning limits to individual customers (harmonics) Limits for disturbances – More difficult

  28. Power Quality Evolving Environment How To Interpret This?

  29. Power Quality Evolving Environment How To Interpret This?

  30. The Integrated Quality Environment Power System Value Chain Environmental Maintainability Availability Safety Efficiency Reliability Performance Price Power Quality Value Dimensions Energy Communication Generation Power INPUTS Delivery Conversion Processing OUTPUTS Light / Motion Central Station T&D AC-AC Supplies Motion SMES Batteries FACTS SMES PQ Parks UPS Appliances Power Electronics Systems and Components User Utility

  31. Benefits of a Power Quality Program • Offer options to customers with PQ concerns • Attract new business to area (regional development) • Facilitate load retention of current customers • Meet changing needs of customer's new technology • Discourage co-generation or self-generation as solutions of • PQ Problems • Enhance and public image - as customers hold company accountable • for both PQ and reliability • Add value to service • Serve customers' best interests and save customers money • Support company mission

  32. Power Quality Cost Analysis Should Include • Lost production • Scrap • Restart costs • Labor • Repair and replacement costs • Process inefficiency

  33. Power Quality Cost Analysis Should Include • Purchase cost • Installation costs • Operations costs • Maintenance costs • Costs due to impact on losses • Reliability considerations

  34. Power Quality – Integrated Solutions • Matching Customer Needs with Utility Services. • Establish An Open Environment • Optimize Economics

  35. Conclusions PQ Will continue to grow in importance as the electric sector operates within a truly free economy. Utilities, customers and manufacturers will have to cooperate to establish a stable model for the power quality industry sector Differentiated Premium Power will Become a reality Reliability and Quality will become as important as Price An integrated Approach Is Essential Vision, Philosophy/Strategy and Initiative

  36. SCOPE The conference covers all aspects of power quality including the following topics:   Network Modeling, Simulation, and Analysis; Flexible, Reliable, and Intelligent Electrical Energy Delivery Systems; Measuring and Monitoring Techniques; Sources of Disturbances; Power Converters; Traction Systems; Harmonics; Voltage Quality; Power Conditioning; Active and Passive Filters; VAR Compensation; UPS; Surge Protection Devices; Grounding Systems; Phase Balancing; Standards and Recommended Practices; Diagnostic and Expect Systems Applications; Electromagnetic Compatibility; Power Quality in Distribution Systems; Quality Aspects of Industrial, Commercial, and Residential Consumers; Power Quality in a Deregulated Electricity Market; Energy Conservation and PQ Compatibility. 10th InternationalConference on Harmonics and Quality of Power October 6-9, 2002.Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. . . Itajubá Federal University - UNIFEIPower Quality Study Group - GQEE P.O. Box 50  -  37500-903 - Itajubá, MG - BRAZILPhone: +55.35.3629-1312 - Fax: + 55.35.3629-1326ichqp2002@iee.efei.br

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