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MYCORRHIZAE

MYCORRHIZAE. By Sahel Arora Zia Khan. a mutualistic symbiosis between plant and fungus different types are recognized types can be distinguished by their positions along two gradients an ecosystem normally contains a mixture of types of mycorrhizal associations . What is Mycorrhizae.

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MYCORRHIZAE

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  1. MYCORRHIZAE By Sahel Arora Zia Khan

  2. a mutualistic symbiosis between plant and fungus different types are recognized types can be distinguished by their positions along two gradients an ecosystem normally contains a mixture of types of mycorrhizal associations What is Mycorrhizae google images

  3. MYCORRHIZAE • In nature approximately 90% of plants are infected with micorrhizae. • 83% Dicots • 79% Monocots • 100% Gymnosperms

  4. two major types: ectomycorrhizae and endomycorrhizae (aka arbuscular mycorrhizae) other types include arbtoid, ericoid, monotropoid, orchid mycorrhizae TYPES OF MYCORRHIZAE An ericoid mycorrhizal fungus wikipedia

  5. ECTOMYCORRHIZAE • Ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi form mutualistic symbioses with many tree species and are regarded as key organisms in nutrient and carbon cycles in forest ecosystems1 • This picture sheds light on ectomycorrhizae and its profound influence on coffee plantation ecology

  6. ECTOMYCORRHIZAE • fungal component are mainly basidiomycetes, but some ascomycetes • at least 5,000 species of fungi involved in ectomycorrhizal relationship2

  7. Fungal hyphae surrounds, but do not penetrate the cell walls of the roots

  8. ECTOMYCORRHIZAE • the function of the ectomycorrhizal mutualism depends on the ability of the fungal symbionts to take up nutrients • the symbiotic nutrient exchange plays a major role in plant nutrition as well as in resistance of plants against pathogens, heavy metals, drought stress, etc.3 • www.mycorrhizae.com/images

  9. ECTOMYCORRHIZAE • Regulated gene expression is an important mechanism for controlling ectomycorrhizal symbiosis development and functioning. • Gene profiling studies have identified genes that are required for fungal attachment, plant defense, and symbiosis-related metabolism.4

  10. Example of Pt ectomycorrhizae development from Pt vegetative mycelium artificial nursery seedbed inoculations (seedlings on right) as compared with routine development of naturally occurring … www.invasive.org

  11. ENDOMYCORRHIZAE • aka arbuscular mycorrhizae • found in the roots of roughly 70% of all plant species • fungal component are Glomales • hyphae penetrates the outer cells of plant root1

  12. ENDOMYCORRHIZAE • present in the earliest plant fossils • capable of increasing crop yields with lower phosphate and energy inputs1 • Also, confer drought and disease resistance, reduce pest damage and nematode infection, promote seed production, and increase the fitness of plant offspring

  13. Endomycorrhizae are more common than Ectomycorrhizae • hyphae and arbuscules of an endomycorrhizal fungus in Asarum (wild ginger) (see Fig 15 in Brundrett & Kendrick 1988 Can. J. Bot. 66: 1153)

  14.   fungus         +            root       =           mycorrhizae  (mycos)                      (rhiza) 

  15. THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION

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